tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33356105229901502622023-06-20T21:48:26.751-07:00Coursework helpanalasle1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/01406254038471032838noreply@blogger.comBlogger201125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3335610522990150262.post-11589831414982650762020-09-04T04:01:00.001-07:002020-09-04T04:01:09.908-07:00Definition and Examples of Absolute Phrases in EnglishDefinition and Examples of Absolute Phrases in English An outright expression is a gathering of words that alters a free proviso all in all. Its historical underpinnings is from the Latin, free, release, unlimited. A flat out is comprised of a thing and its modifiers (which much of the time, yet not generally, incorporate a participle or participial expression). An outright may go before, follow, or interfere with the primary proviso: Their thin bodies smooth and dark against the orange sky, the storks hovered high above us.The storks hovered high above us, their slim bodies smooth and dark against the orange sky.The storks, their slim bodies smooth and dark against the orange sky, hovered high above us. An outright permits us to move from a depiction of an entire individual, spot, or thing to one viewpoint or part. Note that in conventional syntax, absolutes (or nominative absolutes) are regularly more barely characterized as thing phrases...combined with participles. The term outright (obtained from Latin sentence structure) is infrequently utilized by contemporary language specialists. Models and Observations The total expression that includes a centering subtlety is particularly normal in fiction composing, significantly more typical than in informative composition... In the accompanying sections, all from works of fiction, some have a participle as the post-thing modifier...; be that as it may, youll additionally observe some with thing phrases, others with prepositional expressions. There was not a single transport to be seen and Julian, his hands despite everything stuck in his pockets and his head push forward, frowned down the vacant road. (Flannery OConnor, Everything That Rises Must Converge)Silently they sauntered down Tenth Street until they arrived at a stone seat that stuck from the walkway close to the check. They halted there and plunked down, their backs to the eyes of the two men in white frocks who were watching them. (Toni Morrison, Song of Solomon)The man stood giggling, his weapons at his hips. (Stephen Crane, The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky)To his privilege the valley proceeded in its lethargic magnificence, quiet and downplayed, its most out of control harvest time hues blunted by the separation, serene as water shading by a craftsman who blended every one of his hues in with earthy colored. (Joyce Carol Oates, The Secret Marriage) A second style of supreme expression, as opposed to concentrating on a detail, clarifies a reason or condition: Our vehicle experiencing created motor difficulty, we set up camp at a side of the road rest zone. We chose to have our outing, the climate being warm and clear. The main model could be revised as an in light of the fact that or when-condition: At the point when our vehicle created motor difficulty, we halted... or then again Since our vehicle created motor difficulty, we halted... The total permits the essayist to incorporate the data without the unequivocality of the total provision; irrefutably the, at that point, can be thought of as containing the two implications, both when and on the grounds that. Irrefutably the about the climate in the subsequent model recommends an orderly condition as opposed to a reason. (Martha Kolln, Rhetorical Grammar: Grammatical Choices, Rhetorical Effects, fifth ed. Pearson, 2007) Nominative Absolutes Nominative absolutes are identified with nonfinite action word phrases... They comprise of a subject thing phrase followed by some piece of the predicate: either a participle type of the primary action word or a supplement or modifier of the principle action word. . . . [C]omplements and modifiers may take practically any form...Absolutes have generally been called nominative in light of the fact that the outright development starts with a thing expression as its headword. By the by, they work adverbially as sentence modifiers. Some [absolutes] clarify reasons or conditions for the activity depicted in the primary proviso; others... depict the way wherein the activity of the principle proviso is performed. (Thomas P. Klammer, Muriel R. Schulz, and Angela Della Volpe, Analyzing English Grammar, fifth ed. Longman, 2007) More Examples of Absolute Phrases Roy circles the bases like a Mississippi steamer, lights lit, banners vacillating, whistle slamming, coming round the twist. (Bernard Malamud, The Natural, 1952)Harry solidified, his cut finger slipping on the barbed edge of the mirror once more. (J.K. Rowling,à Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. Academic, 2007)Bolenciecwcz was gazing at the floor currently, attempting to think, his incredible temple wrinkled, his colossal hands scouring together, his face red. (James Thurber, University Days)The insect skins lie on their sides, translucent and worn out, their legs drying in tangles. (Annie Dillard, Holy the Firm, 1977)His exposed legs cooled by sprinklers, his uncovered feet on the padded and delicious grass, and his cell phone in his grasp (he was anticipating Lionels summons), Des took a turn round the grounds. (Martin Amis, Lionel Asbo: State of England. Alfred A. Knopf, 2012)When Johnson Meechum came up the three stages of his purple twofold wide trailer and opened the front entryway, his better half, Mabel, was hanging tight for him, her flimsy hands held on her hips, her colored hair remaining from her scalp in a little blue cloud. (Harry Crews, Celebration. Simon Schuster, 1998) Six young men came past that certain point thirty minutes ahead of schedule that evening, running hard, their heads down, their lower arms working, their breath whistling. (John Steinbeck, The Red Pony)Whenever you heard inaccessible music some place in the town, perhaps so black out you thought you envisioned it, so slim you accused the whistling of the trolley wires, at that point you could follow the sound down and discover Caleb riding his little velocipede, puzzled with delight, his appleseed eyes moving. (Anne Tyler, Searching for Caleb. Alfred A. Knopf, 1975)Still he came on,â shoulders slouched, face curved, wringing his hands, looking progressively like an elderly person at a wake than an infantry battle warrior. (James Jones,à The Thin Red Line, 1962)A tall man, his shotgun threw despite his good faith with a length of furrow line, got off and dropped his reins and crossed the little path to the cedar jolt. (Howard Bahr, The Year of Jubilo: A Novel of the Civil War. Picad or, 2001)The men sit on the edge of the pens, the enormous white and silver fish between their knees, tearing with blades and tearing with hands, hurling the eviscerated bodies into a focal bushel. (William G. Wing, Christmas Comes First on the Banks) Hundreds and several frogs were plunking down that channel, and they were all sounding, every one of them, not as one however continually, their little throats going, their mouths open, their eyes gazing up with interest at Karel and Frances and their enormous human shadows. (Margaret Drabble, The Realms of Gold, 1975)The charged man, Kabuo Miyamoto, sat gladly upstanding with an inflexible elegance, his palms set delicately on the respondents table - the stance of a man who has segregated himself to the extent that this is conceivable at his own preliminary. (David Guterson, Snow Falling on Cedars, 1994)The administrator, his head on his chest, was gradually jabbing the ground with his stick. (George Orwell, A Hanging, 1931)You can get a reasonable feeling of the dangers of a deep opening by viewing a lift surge here and there one, its stabilizer flying by, similar to the cutting edge on a guillotine. (Scratch Paumgarten, Up and afterward Down. The New Yorker, April 21, 2008)Two mod erately aged men with running ailment amble past me, their faces purple, their stomaches slopping, their running shoes gigantic and expensive. (Joe Bennett, Mustnt Grumble. Simon Schuster, 2006) At a correct point to the school was the rear of the congregation, its blocks painted the shade of dried blood. (Pete Hamill, A Drinking Life, 1994)Ross sat on the edge of a seat a few feet from the table, inclining forward, the fingers of his left hand spread upon his chest, his correct hand holding a white sewing needle which he utilized for a pointer. (James Thurber, The Years With Ross, 1958)One by one, down the slope come the moms of the area, their children running adjacent to them. (Roger Rosenblatt, Making Toast. The New Yorker, December 15, 2008)I could see, even in the fog, Spurn Head loosening up in front of me in the anguish, its spine shrouded in marram grass and furze, its shingle flanks skewered with the spoiling competes of bombed barriers. (Will Self, A Real Cliff Hanger. The Independent, August. 30, 2008)Down the long concourse they came flimsily, Enid preferring her harmed hip, Alfred rowing at the air with free pivoted hands and slapping the air terminal covering with ineffectively controlled feet, them two conveying Nordic Pleasurelines shoulder packs and focusing on the floor before them, allotting the dangerous separation three paces one after another. (Jonathan Franzen, The Corrections. Farrar Straus Giroux, 2001) Source Macmillan Teach Yourself Grammar and Style in Twenty Four Hours, 2000. analasle1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/01406254038471032838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3335610522990150262.post-5541447298198070042020-08-25T22:18:00.001-07:002020-08-25T22:18:10.061-07:00Antigoneââ¬â¢s Purpose Free EssaysCreeks Fridey Antigoneââ¬â¢s Purpose In the narrative of Antigone, initially composed by Sophocles, clarifies the story, of a lady who goes to bat for her own convictions against the lord. At the hour of Sophocles, ladies had little force and authority. They were relied upon to tune in to their better half, lord, or any man that addresses or solicits a lady from something. We will compose a custom paper test on Antigoneââ¬â¢s Purpose or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now The story fires up where the tale of Oedipus closes, in his demise. Inconvenience and war are going to start in Thebes, so Antigone ventures out there to attempt to stop what may happen to her family and country.From my perceptions, this story can be dissected in various manners, regardless of whether it is about the battles of ladies, challenging the higher force, or reacting to the desire of the divine beings. It is said that the illustrious group of Thebes is reviled to persevere through affliction, agony, passing and misfortune. Antigone knows about her familyââ¬â¢s destiny, however is prepared to change her conceivable fate for herself and her family. In Thebes, the individuals from the imperial family are either slaughtering themselves or are being killed. Antigone is torn by this and concludes she should go to Thebes to fix this.She got word that her siblings, Polyneices and Eteocles, were going to battle each other until one was dead. She attempted to be there before any battle occurred, however was past the point of no return, and discovered from her sister, that trouble siblings were murdered during the battle. The lord requested that Eteocles merited an appropriate entombment, yet Polyneices was to not be contacted and would not get an internment underground. Antigone asked her sister, Ismene, to assist her with covering their sibling appropriately, yet she can't. It was requested that any individual who contacts the body will be captured and will be rebuffed by death.Ismene disclosed to Antigone that she can't force herself to do it. She feels that her familyââ¬â¢s reliably awful karma and the way that sheââ¬â¢s a lady are very repressing. Antigone was prepared to defend the ladies who might not oppose menââ¬â¢s authority. She approved of doing what she expected to herself. Ismene, who is caught impaired and intensity of man, attempts to ask Antigone she will commit an error and will endure incredible outcomes. Expressing, ââ¬Å"It is a losing fight, battling Manâ⬠(Sophocles). It is evident all through the story, that nothing will forestall or slow Antigone from what she is going to do.Not man, nor force, or laws is sufficient to adjust her perspective. Creonââ¬â¢s thinking regarding why Eteocles gets an internment administration and Polyneices is to be forgotten about preposterous, is to him, advocated that Eteocles passed on decently safeguarding the city, while Polyneices was only a disgraceful outcast. This was no genuine avocation to Antigone, and she was going to assume control over issues, challenging the lord. It was before long found that Polyneicesââ¬â¢ body had been customarily arranged for an internment, so the errand person transferred the news to the lord. He requested that the errand person discover who is answerable for this or he will pass on the off chance that he fails.As what appeared, planned the guard before long discovered Antigone attempting to cover her sibling. She was captured, and taken to Creon. Antigone doesn't deny her wrongdoing, she discloses to Creon her activities were for equity and dutifulness to the divine beings. With all of Antigoneââ¬â¢s willfulness, she keeps on stilling affront the lord considerably after she has been gotten. She won't yield to the lord, contradicting any support he advances. Creon endeavors to disgrace her for her activities, however this has no genuine impact on her because of a lot of pride nobility she has left for herself.Creon feels it is especially significant not to be beaten by an individual of the female influence. The clash of inverse impact proceeds with Antigone and Ismene, as she is brought into question too from a hunch the lord has that Ismene is likewise associated with this wrongdoing. She promptly confesses to the allegations, saying she helped in the internment of Polyneices. Antigone is rankled that she would confess to something she had not done, however Ismene goes up against the reality she won't have the option to go on without Antigone alive.It is communicated all through the story, the significance of complying with the divine beings. To Antigone, it isn't essential that somebody ought to comply with their pioneer consistently. She accepts what Creon pronounced to happen to her siblings was out of line and that the divine beings were revealing to her she expected to cover her sibling. Antigone was unapproved to the treatment of ladies during circumstances such as the present, and that the lord must be obeyed in all causes. She accepted the divine beings were the genuine forces, and awful things would happen upon you in the event that you didn't help out their requests.When Haemon comes into the story, recognized as Antigoneââ¬â¢s fiancee, who is the child of Creon, clarifies why Antigone was even still alive. In spite of the fact that Creon was savage and regularly brutal, there was all the while a person or thing keeping him away from essentially murdering her. Haemon told his dad it is inappropriate to execute Antigone and would carry incredible grieving to the individuals of Thebes following her passing. He needs Creon to be available to others sees, yet Creon reacts by calling Haemon a womanââ¬â¢s slave for support up a lady and not his own dad. A visually impaired prophet exhorts Creon that he ought to appropriately cover Polyneices and discharge Antigone. He says on the off chance that he doesn't he will incredibly outrage the divine beings, and might make his own incident for his rebellion. Potentially prompting his own passing. As Creon considers his prospects and future, he at long last chooses to discharge Antigone and cover Polyneices. As he suspected he was then settling on the correct choice, he would before long discover what his decision will cause. Antigone knew she didnââ¬â¢t need to continue living in this universe of abuse and mercilessness, and was happy to end her life.Creon didn't figure she would really experience anything like self destruction, yet upon her discharge, she immediately hung herself and offered herself to the divine beings. Haemon discovered what occurred, and irritated, assaulted his dad, and missed prompting Haemon hitting himself with the blade and murdering himself. As though the story for Creon could be any all the more wrecking, immediately lamenting his decision, is told by a delegate that his significant other rankles by Creonââ¬â¢s activities, too, and slaughtered herself. Creon is left with nothing and nobody near him in his life, and marvels what to do now.This is a story that portrays the intensity of anybody, particularly ladies. With enough assurance and control, the sky is the limit. Antigone was managed an amassing of outrage towards her sexes rights, the maltreatment of intensity, and being sufficiently exemplary to in any case follow her divine beings. She is viewed as one of the principal women's activists in this time, and despite the fact that may have gone to an extraordinary to shield her respect, unmistakably made a point to Creon, leaving him with nothing, what disregard of s omeoneââ¬â¢s capacities are and mishandling oneââ¬â¢s force can do. Instructions to refer to Antigoneââ¬â¢s Purpose, Papers analasle1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/01406254038471032838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3335610522990150262.post-67025901893915507162020-08-22T21:47:00.001-07:002020-08-22T21:47:09.890-07:00Eradication of Beauty Pageants an Example byDestruction of Beauty Pageants The idea of magnificence in the general public depends on the messages and pictures that individuals see on media. Certainly, the pictures of ladies on media sources have become the built reality for individuals which have been hard for ladies in twentieth century. A great many people would most likely say that the genuine excellence lies somewhere inside the individual and that the manner in which an individual acts would at present be the estimation of their character; in any case, the presence of outer components that influence ladies to dress and act like what they have seen on TV have been clear in the general public. Need article test on Annihilation of Beauty Pageants theme? We will compose a custom article test explicitly for you Continue Excellence expos were presented in the general public in nineteenth century. This occasion expects to scan for the most wonderful lady with the correct blend of excellence, ability, and character (Scranton, 278). From that point forward, more ladies have gotten intrigued to participate in this renowned occasion that guarantees respect, popularity, grants, and a princess in a fantasy snapshot of her young life. The magnificence expos fill in as a marvel rivalry among women in a particular tallness and age, a limited time occasion to draw in the travel industry, and an apparatus for investigating and praising ethnic character. The crown holder after the show has obligations and errands to achieve and fill in as the delegate of a specific foundation or nation to greater occasions. The coordinators have never neglected to welcome the hopeful glamorous ladies to take an interest in this occasion; truth be told, most ladies even plan themselves and sit tight for the declaration with respec t to the beginning of the enlistment and tryout. Throughout the century, the standard has seen the progressions of womens job in the general public; indeed, this sort of occasion shows the acknowledgment of the individuals to the capacity of ladies in taking an interest to this sort of event. This may sound amusing on the grounds that magnificence shows regularly depict the weakness of ladies instead of elevating them to a higher status in the general public where the individuals live and get by through the way of life and generalizations that they have procured from the past age. In addition, this portrayal of womanhood has been creating assortment of reactions that reflect cultural clashes past sexual orientation jobs. While a few ladies bolster excellence expos and supporter that ladies who contend in the skirmish of magnificence and cerebrum are good examples for young ladies and that this occasion give exceptional chances to them, some are scrutinizing the exhibitions due to its severe intrigue to the general public (Lind and Brzyzy, 32). The individuals become accustomed to seeing excellent women in bathing suits or long dresses presenting, strolling, and turning while at the same time showing their thin bodies before the appointed authorities, and a huge number of watchers at home the world over (Yano, 18). Despite the fact that the coordinators and members have been guaranteeing that excellence events intend to advance ladies and their need in the general public, its whole idea appear to irritate ladies all around that may dress and name them of new terms of generalizing. Through excellence shows, the young ladies adjust the thoughts that this sort of occasion depict in the standard. In the women's activist view, this occasion depicts ladies as sex object and portrays the powerlessness of ladies which must be secured by their excellence and allure. Additionally, it sets ladies in a social normalization wherein the individuals anticipate that ladies should dress and act precisely the manner in which members did during the opposition. Unquestionably, excellence exhibitions have a solid intrigue on ladies causing them to comply with the pictures that the coordinators and the media pass on during the occasion. The long legged thin ladies in a two-piece ensemble put ladies to the platform m aking the general public believe that all ladies should dress and walk like them so as to be considered as lovely and appealing. As such, the ladies are being wearing another type of style patterns which give them weights to follow to the pictures of these hopeful glamorous ladies. In spite of numerous reactions, there has been expanding number of ladies who are happy to partake and show their gifts and excellence in front of an audience (Dave et al, 213). The indefinable feeling joined to the word event has been a puzzle which most ladies are meaning to learn and encounter as they stroll into the spot light. Obviously, magnificence events have become a mainstream society which consistently develop and improve as the world adjusts to innovation (Kramarae et al, 105). The introduction of hot ladies on TV impactsly affects the self-perception of other ladies particularly the youthful ones. Through these pictures, the youthful grown-ups become aware of their physical appearance. The slim pictures of members additionally make them imagine that ladies are just delightful at the standard size which has been set by this sort of occasion. The magnificence expos have become the impression of genuine ladies that ought to be regarded in the general public in view of their appearance in front of an audience and the distinction that they get from taking part to this occasion. Rather than advancing the pith of ladies and picking up the regard of the general public, magnificence exhibitions are unquestionably setting another standard for them making them progressively abused in the general public. The standard imagines that a lady ought to have a long hair, has a thin and hot body, and possesses lovely dresses and assistants to have the option to pick up the exceptional treatment of the general population. These ideal pictures don't just depict current ladies as youthful and provocative, however these introductions mistreat ladies in the general public wherein most ladies are as of now instructed and having degrees which they could consider as genuine crowns in the post present day world. Magnificence events are evidently engaging for ladies as well as for the entire network in light of the energy that these sorts of shows acquire each scene; in any case, it likewise fill in as a danger for ladies that gradually placed them underneath the standard picture i n the standard and put them on the underestimated area of the general public. Works Cited Dave, S. Nishime, L. and Oren, T. East Main Street: Asian American Popular Culture. New York: NYU Press, 2005 Kramarae, Cheris and Spender, Dale. Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women. New York: Routledge, 2000 Lind, Amy and Brzuzy, Stephanie. Battleground: Women, Gender and Sexuality. USA: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2008 Scranton, Philip. Excellence and business: trade, sexual orientation, and culture in present day America. New York: Routledge, 2001 Yano. Christine. Delegated the decent young lady: sex, ethnicity, and culture in Hawaii's Cherry Blossom Festival. USA: University of Hawaii Press, 2006 analasle1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/01406254038471032838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3335610522990150262.post-59950113708111672892020-08-22T06:00:00.001-07:002020-08-22T06:00:21.438-07:00Diversity in The Workplace Essay Example for FreeDecent variety in The Workplace Essay Decent variety has a few definitions. As indicated by Schmidle (2010), working environment decent variety is a people issue, concentrating on the distinctions and likenesses that individuals bring to an association. It is typically characterized comprehensively to incorporate measurements past those predetermined legitimately in equivalent chance and governmental policy regarding minorities in society non-segregation sculptures. Assorted variety is regularly deciphered to incorporate measurements which impact the personalities and point of view that individuals bring, for example, calling, training, parental status and geographic area. In the event that you consider assorted variety and the entirety of the classes it tends to be somewhat overpowering. Schmidle left out a few classes that incorporate age, sex, salary level, economic wellbeing, political perspectives, religion, and conjugal status. The word ââ¬Å"diversityâ⬠has a sort of contention ring to it yet it doesnââ¬â¢t fundamentally mean it is a terrible thing. Assorted variety can in certainty be something worth being thankful for. Schmidle later proceeds to examine a portion of this positive results of assorted variety including one of the most significant parts of decent variety which is taking in new things from others. On the off chance that we are around similar individuals regular that are precisely the same and do things precisely the same it is difficult for individuals to consider new ideas. This paper will talk about positive and negative parts of assorted variety concentrating on age. It will examine different types of decent variety also. When talking about age assorted variety it is essential to examine the various classes. People more than 60 are viewed as the Traditionalist age. People in their mid-40ââ¬â¢s to 60ââ¬â¢s are gen X-ers. Those in their late 20ââ¬â¢s to mid 40ââ¬â¢s are in the Generation X class and the latest age is Generation Y who are mid 20ââ¬â¢s or more youthful (Bell, Narz, 2007). Every last one of these gatherings has been portrayed as having certain attributes. Conventionalists are characterized as having a more traditionalâ working condition. They ordinarily work 9:00 A.M. to 5:00 however are said to work late and ends of the week during occupied periods if fundamental. Conventionalist are additionally supposed to be persevering, steadfast representatives who regard authority. It is normal for spouses of this classification to have been home with the youngsters while the male is or was busy working acquiring the sole pay. Conventionalists are resigning from the work power at a consistent rate yet at the same time stay compelling in todayââ¬â¢s working condition (Bell, Narz 2007). Gen X-ers are the offspring of Traditionalists and furthermore thought to have a solid hard working attitude. A distinction among Boomers and Traditionalists is that they are double profession couples with the ladies filling in just as the men. Boomers are said to address authority and have likewise been named the ââ¬Å"me generationâ⬠(Bell, Narz 2007). Age Xers are the offspring of Baby Boomers. They have grown up watching their folks attempting to attempt to have it the sum total of what and have been influenced by their folks trying sincerely and late hours. They are all the more family and parent arranged, idealistic and certain. They are said to not have an exceptionally solid devotion to their boss and will in general work for somebody that best meets their requirements (Bell, Narz 2007). Age Y are the offspring of Generation X and are additionally called the twenty to thirty year olds, the web age, and furthermore the Echo Boomers. This is because of their PC information and furthermore because of them being perhaps the biggest age since the Baby Boomers. At a youthful age they were acquainted with various ways of life and societies in school. Being that they were uncovered so youthful they will in general have increasingly acquainted with various races, sexual direction, and ethnic gatherings. Age Ys like to be tested and need adaptability and working from home choices. They are additionally family arranged and need to work low maintenance or time off while having youngsters (Bell, Narz 2007). In the wake of depicting these various gatherings it is clear there is a distinction in disposition, regard, faithfulness, objectives, and hard working attitude. Placing these people in a workplace together would appear to be an ill-conceived notion. Schaefer 2010 States: The well known press portrays generational gap at work. Develop laborers (Traditionalists and Baby Boomers) are depicted as steadfast and persevering, however dinosaurs with regards to advancement and innovation. More youthful workers (Generation Xers and Millennials) are seen as inventive, however impolite, languid, and egocentric. Fully trusted, these generalizations can prompt clash and disturbance in the work environment. Schafer later portrays this isn't the situation and really have a larger number of similitudes than contrasts. She likewise advises the peruser that age assorted variety is an incentive to our associations and will be a ââ¬Å"an significant segment in the jumpers workforce of the future.â⬠(Schaefer, 2010). What are a few advantages and who does it influence? One advantage is regard. By regarding others contrasts efficiency builds which can influence a worker and an association monetarily, monetarily and seriousness (Green, 2008). By being progressively profitable the organization gets more cash-flow, which makes it workable for them to be serious. At the point when an organization gets more cash-flow it is simpler for them to give raises and rewards. Likewise when an organization has assorted variety in the working environment it can decrease claims and increment promoting openings, enlistment, innovativeness, and business picture (Green, 2008). Assorted variety isn't just positive. It very well may be on the off chance that you have the correct gathering of individuals working however generally chiefs will discover hindrances and difficulties. At the point when I was overseeing I generally said it just takes one individual to decimate a groupââ¬â¢s character and stream. This kind of individual searches for issues and gets the remainder of the gathering individuals worked up. Something straightforward like a gossiper can destroy a groupââ¬â¢s appeal. On the off chance that a gathering part is bigot or not tolerating of specific memberââ¬â¢s strict perspectives or sex it can likewise influence the remainder of the gathering (Green, 2008). This can prompt the loss of staff and impact work creation which thus influences the representatives and association monetarily, monetarily, and its intensity. Likewise if an individual isn't socially tolerating of others it influences the organizations view to the clients and investors. The chain drive-through eatery Chik-Fil-A has as of late reported it doesn't bolster same sex marriage. The open detonated with shock and a huge number of individuals pledged to never eatâ there again. On the off chance that a business utilizes a person who voices their segregation, partiality, or generalizing of a specific gathering a similar result could occur whenever left unchecked. I think generally we could all concur the more seasoned age was not as tolerating to various races, religion, and sexual inclination as much as the more youthful age seems to be. This surely doesn't mean a more youthful individual would not be oppressive or that every single Traditional laborer are biased yet it is something directors need to comprehend. Business will normally have a note on separation in their by laws or representative hand books that any structure whether it be for age, sex, ethnicity, sexual inclination won't go on without serious consequences. Schools utilizing people will have this too. A case of this is the University of Californiaââ¬â¢s framework wide non-segregation articulation: ââ¬Å"It is the strategy of the University not to take part in oppression or badgering of any individual utilized or looking for work with the University of California based on race, shading, national birthplace, religion, sex, sex personality, pregnancy, physical or mental incapacity, ailment (disease related or hereditary Characteristics), family line, conjugal status, age, sexual direction citizenship, or status as a secured veteran. This approach applies to all business works on, including enrollment, determination, advancement, move, merit increment, compensation, preparing, and improvement, downgrade, and partition. â⬠(University of California, 2011). Having non-segregation articulations like this permits workers, general society, investors, and different universities or rivalry see separation of any sort won't go on without serious consequences at the school. This can enable the business to have a positive picture to all who read it. It is genuinely extraordinary to locate a present business without some type of separation proclamation. The one from the University of California above is clear and most that I have found don't broadly expound. The University of California likewise has their Principles of Community: ââ¬Å"We perceive, esteem, and avow that social assorted variety contributes wealth to the University people group and upgrades the nature of grounds life forâ individuals and gatherings. We invest heavily in our different accomplishments and we praise our differences.â⬠(University of California, 2011). These kinds of core values permits the network and some other perusers realize the University invites contrasts in people. In the event that somebody was having any misgivings about going to this University or working for them this further guarantees the individual the University would invite them regardless of how unique they are. Age decent variety can likewise influence the manner in which an individual is dealt with. On the off chance that you consider forefront the executives, mid-administration, senior administration you commonly vision a more established individual at the senior administration level, a marginally more youthful individual at the mid-administration level, and again a somewhat more youthful individual at the cutting edge the executives level. Does age have to do with getting advanced? In the event that I just get more seasoned will I be advanced? Evidently it doesn't however it has a tremendous effect on getting excused. On the off chance that a representative is in excess of 20% more youthful than their boss they are bound to be given up. On the off chance that the worker is under 20% more youthful than their boss they are less inclined to be given up (Giul analasle1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/01406254038471032838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3335610522990150262.post-23204537764036221582020-08-21T19:28:00.001-07:002020-08-21T19:28:35.252-07:00Hospitality and tourism industry economy in Australia EssayFriendliness and the travel industry economy in Australia - Essay Example Despite the fact that, this fragment includes a bunch of little firms or inns that offers very appealing occasion bundles to spend relaxation or recreational occasions, religion or wellbeing, business and expert purposes at a very reasonable extents. Because of this, its intensity upgraded to a critical rate when contrasted with others. In this manner, from the above charts, it may be portrayed that the viewpoint of neighborliness or the travel industry in Australia changed somewhat. The whole credit of such a market situation of friendliness and the travel industry of Australia is because of the evolving socioeconomics. In any case, notwithstanding benefits, it likewise needed to confront fluctuated kinds of difficulties too. This paper fundamentally centers about the difficulties with respect to the sort of occupations and gifts required for the individual getting occupied with the friendliness and the travel industry in Australia because of evolving socioeconomics. Alongside this, it likewise portrays the suitable human asset approaches basic to hold the workers just as to draw in new gifted ones towards the business of the travel industry. In this todayââ¬â¢s period, greatest degree of the representatives want to set up their own character and picture in the association or industry, drew in with. This is for the most part because of the progressions of the perspectives and practices of the age x and y competitors when contrasted with children of post war America. Along these lines, so as to hold the representatives of age x and y inside the association or enterprises for a more extended timeframe, fluctuated kinds of human asset approaches are kept up. These methodologies may prompt the improvement of this industry. In this way, they are portrayed beneath individually. Progression Management-as indicated by Philips (2012), it is a consistent procedure of recognizing, evaluating and creating differed pioneers inside the association in order to improve the degree of execution, devotion analasle1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/01406254038471032838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3335610522990150262.post-21541899165011442282020-08-10T05:00:00.001-07:002020-08-10T05:00:03.980-07:00An Apology and the Need to Say NoAn Apology and the Need to Say No An Apology My sincerest apologies to the folks who attended our Washington, DC, event last month: it was the first show Ive missed in the seven years weve been touring as The Minimalists. On the day of that event, I was suffering from the effects of a nasty virusâ"likely contracted from my child or caught while dishing out hundreds of free hugsâ"and I had to get an emergency IV drip. There was no way I couldve made it to the theater that night, let alone the main stage, but thankfully Ryan and the rest of the team held down the fort in my absence. After being bedridden with a wicked fever for two days, I mustered what little strength I could to make it to our subsequent events in Atlanta and Tampa, albeit in a diminished capacity. Although my health has been improving slowly since those events, Ive still been feeling ill the past three weeks, and this illness has taught me a lot about pushing past my limits. The Need to Say No I often find comfort in my discomfort zoneâ"thatâs the place from which we grow. But when I stretch too far, my health suffers, and the result isnt good for anyoneâ"my audience, my family, my friends, and I all suffer. The last three weeks have given me time to scrutinize my grueling schedule, and I realized something unfortunate: over the past year, my life has gradually become busy. Ugh! There isnt a more vulgar four-letter word in the English language. Of course, it didnt happen overnight. In fact, Iâve been good at avoiding busyness since I left the corporate world seven years ago. But every time I say yes to something, Im indirectly saying no to something else. And this year is the first time since my corporate days Ive said yes too much. Within the last twelve months, we released our documentary on Netflix, started working on two new film projects, moved our families to Los Angeles, began building a podcast and film studio, produced our first physical good, wrote dozens of essays, recorded more than 60 podcast episodes, interviewed with more than 100 media outlets, and embarked on a 50-city international tour. On their own, these are all worthwhile endeavors. But crammed into one year, its too muchâ"especially considering Ive been dealing with C. Diff, mercury poisoning, multiple chemical sensitivities, and daily physical therapy for my back. Im simply not as durable as I like to pretend. You see, sometimes when I say yes to something thats seemingly important, Im inadvertently saying no to something else thats even more important: health, relationships, creativity. Which means that, going forward, I must do a better job saying no to anything that isnât a true priorityâ"even the good stuff. So Im scaling back in the following ways. Fewer projects. Im saying yes to only one major project at a time. The next project well be working on as The Minimalists is a new film thats one part documentary, one part TED Talk, and one part stand-up special. All other new projects will simmer on the back burner until this one is complete. Back to basics. The creative work that fuels me the most is writing and podcasting. So, in the vein of fewer projects, these creative outletsâ"mixed with our new film projectâ"will receive the bulk of my attention in 2018. I think of this trio of creativity as a three-legged table: each leg is a necessary part of our creative output, and they each play an equal role in helping us communicate with our audience effectively. The table is sturdy with three legsâ"adding more seems superfluous. Reduced social media. As an experiment, we will spend January away from social media. Weâre confident it will help us determine how to better use these platforms going forward. Iâll definitely write an essay about the experience once itâs over. Less growth. Through a combination of luck and hard work, weve been fortunate to reach a large audience with our work, but Im no longer interested in scaling up. Sure, I want our message to reach as many eyes and ears as possible, but I believe the best way to do this isnt via the traditional tropes of content generation; rather, I want to focus on meaningful creations, without worrying about what will resonate or go viralâ"and certainly without endlessly promoting our brand. Promoless. I listen to a lot of podcasts, I see a lot of billboards, and I even notice it encroaching upon my own work: theres too much branding going on these days. No, there arent any advertisements on our website or podcast, but even I am guilty of too much self-promotion that gets in the way of my own creations. Perhaps Derek Sivers said it best: putting ads in your work is like putting a Coke machine in a monastery. Im beginning to feel the same about all the shameless self-promotion thats going on these days, including my own. Tweets and photos and status updates. Its solipsism run amuck. And Im pledging to remove the Coke machine from the monastery immediately so you can better enjoy what Im creating without the promotional eyesores. Yes, Ill occasionally talk about what Im working onâ"including events, books, and projectsâ"but I wont let it get in the way of what Im creating. If anything, promotion should be similar to the end credits of a film, not the main plot. Fewer interviews. From every major newspaper, radio program, and TV show to the tiniest podcasts, Ryan and I have probably accepted a thousand interviews over the last half-decade, and Ive said everything I need to say to the media. So, unless youre Joe Rogan, dont be surprised if I say no to your interview request next year. Dont worry, its not youâ"its me. As a policy, I have to say no, so I can say yes to my life. Fewer events. Our Less Is Now tour is finally coming to an end, and truth be told, touring is probably the straw that broke my back this year. It pains me to say this because I absolutely love our live events. But nonstop touring is challenging. Thankfully, theres a light at the end of the tunnel. This weekend Ryan I will end our year with just two stops in Detroit and Milwaukee. Then, in January, we have only one charity event in Las Vegas (profits go to the Las Vegas Victims Fund). Finally, in March 2018, after a two-month break, were going to Australia and New Zealand to end the tour. And then weâre finished for a while. Yes, were honoring these commitments, and Im truly excited to see you on the road, but then were saying no to new events for a while because 50 events in one year is too much. Too much for me, at least (Ryan is far more durable than I am). So, after a long break next year, well determine whats appropriate going forward. Whatever the number is, itll be considera bly less than our current pace. Right now, Im thinking maybe a couple live events per quarterâ"maybe fewer, maybe none. Well see. Less travel. Ive been on nearly a hundred flights this year, which is taxing on my body. By doing fewer tour stops and fewer speaking gigs next year, Ill reduce the majority of my travel, but the cold truth is I dont enjoy traveling. I have peripatetic friends who live for driving to the next city, flying to the next country, visiting as many new places as possible. That aint me. I dont like flights or long car rides, and its difficult for me to sleep on the road. So I plan on reducing my globetrotting by 80% next year, which, paradoxically, might help me enjoy my limited travels a bit more. Subscribe to The Minimalists via email. analasle1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/01406254038471032838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3335610522990150262.post-70278985317611479062020-06-25T07:26:00.001-07:002020-06-25T07:26:03.340-07:00Hopelessly Inadequate Cisneros, Clifton, and the Perception of Femininity - Literature Essay Samples According to the National Mental Health Information Center, girls are three times more likely than boys to develop body-image problems in their adolescence. From the advertisements on television to the constant glorification of feminine beauty by the media, adolescent women are being peer-pressured into desperately trying to make themselves look perfect. With this cultural message in mind, adolescent girls who possess physical flaws often feel worthless and inadequate because they judge their self-image purely on physical beauty. For example, in The House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros, Esperanza characterizes herself as inferior to others because she finds her physical flaws appalling. Esperanzas self-esteem is lacking as she struggles to find any beauty in herself compared to the other women in media. Contrary to Esperanza, the speaker in homage to my hips by Lucille Clifton expresses her defiance of the cultural definition of femininity by refusing to let her mindset be contro lled by others. By doing so, she shows that feminine beauty should empower women, rather than degrade them. In The House on Mango Street, Esperanza perceives her feminine beauty as inferior to the standard of beauty that society idolizes, while in homage to my hips, the narrator defiantly expresses her desire to not let her own femininity be defined by others. In The House on Mango Street, Esperanza perceives her feminine beauty as shameful and inferior to the attributes of others, largely based on her preconception that beauty is based only on looks. Esperanza, critiquing the insecurities on her body, says her legs are skinny and spotted with satin scars where scabs were picked (Cisneros p.40). By stating this, Esperanza shows that she perceives herself as ugly and imperfect, further illustrating Esperanzas feelings of inadequacy and poor self-esteem. Similarly, Esperanza, thinking she is the unattractive daughter in the family, states I am an ugly daughter. I am the one nobody comes for (Cisneros p.88). Esperanza, feeling inadequate because of her physical beauty, harshly judges her attractiveness in comparison to her prettier sister, Nenny. By comparing herself to other women, Esperanza shows the insecurity and lack of self-esteem she feels for her own personal beauty. Similarly, Esperanza later exclaims in desperation that she wants to feel like waves on the sea, like the clouds in the wind, but Im me (Cisneros p.60). With the phrase but Im me, Esperanza shows the reader that she is inferior to the beauty of the clouds and waves. This sense of herself again exhibits her reluctance to embrace her flaws and imperfections as beautiful. Similarly, Esperanza, wanting to be desired by men, states, I want to be all new and shiny (Cisneros p.73). Making this remark, Esperanza states that she wants to become an object of desire by using the diction new and shiny (PrPP). By desperately wanting to become a sexually-desirable icon, Esperanza again emphasizes how she is not satisfied with her current self and body. In homage to my hips, the narrator confidently exposes her defiance of the notion that her femininity is defined by society. The narrator, near the beginning of the poem, states These hips dont fit into petty places(Clifton 4-5). By saying this, the narrator expresses that she refuses to let her femininity be diminished down to what society perceives it as. By doing so, she exhibits her feelings of defiance and rebellion. Similarly, the narrator later defiantly proclaims that, These hips have never been enslaved (Clifton 8). This statement shows that the narrator has never let herself become suppressed or oppressed by the external factors. Thus, the narrator exhibits that she is determined to break free from the cultural stereotypes that could suppress her. Likewise, the narrator continues to express her defiance: These hips are free hips (Clifton 5-6). Exclaiming free hips exhibits that the narrator refuses to let anything suppress her as a woman (GP). By exhibiting this sentiment, the narrator continues to show how defying cultural expectations empowers her femininity. Analogously, the narrator states that her hips need space to move around in (Clifton 2-3). Her defiance evident, the narrator continues to demonstrate how she refuses to let her true feminine beauty be contained or suppressed (AbP). From flowing hair to radiant skin and trimmed eye-brows, physical attractiveness emblematizes how society defines beauty today. With todays definition of beauty prioritizing air-brushed filters and photoshopped models, young girls are pressured from the media into thinking that feminine beauty is dependent entirely on their sexual appeal. All these young girls desperately aspire to get the perfect body, eventually realizing somewhere along the way that the body-standards they desire are unattainable. Much like these girls, Esperanza desires to look beautiful and sexually appealing, without understanding what feminine beauty really means. However, she feels that her so-called beauty is inferior to that of the other women in her life and in the media, leading her to feel insecure and depressed about herself as a woman. This then shows how the media has twisted the definition of femininity from empowerment to insecurity. Using Esperanzas struggles to symbolize her message, Cisneros argu es that true femininity is not about physical beauty, but rather about the ability to be confident about and content with yourself as a woman. analasle1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/01406254038471032838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3335610522990150262.post-77330911328608406322020-05-23T16:21:00.001-07:002020-05-23T16:21:04.623-07:00Knowledge Management Today s Society Essay - 1476 Words Knowledge Management in Todayââ¬â¢s Society In this executive summary, we will discuss the ability to control and maintain knowledge management in todayââ¬â¢s ever-changing society. Society is facing many changes that are impacting the workforce for individuals and organizations as a whole. The baby boomers can be classified as anyone 55 years of age or older, which are referred to as the older workforce. The change between baby boomers being the leading workforce in organizations, in comparison to todayââ¬â¢s society where now that trend is changing to the younger generations in the workforce. With the available personnel to work for businesses changing, companies need to find a way to keep the knowledge, skills, and abilities available to their organizations with new employees coming on board. Knowledge Management The hardest situation most companies face, is finding valuable employees to invest company time and assets into. Companies want individuals that can grow, learn, and be valuable to their particular company. With the pool of applicants changing, companies must learn to handle their knowledge management within the business structure. ââ¬Å"Clearly one compelling reason for optimizing the knowledge, skills, and abilities of older workers is the projected growth rate in the country and the workplaceâ⬠(Odums, 2006, p. 4). While the baby boomerââ¬â¢s generation is retiring, companies need to use them as their assets and teach the younger generation valuable skills. By teaching theShow MoreRelatedscientific management in modern society1673 Words à |à 7 Pagesï » ¿Scientific management in modern society Introduction Scientific management also known as Taylorism (Mitchan 2005) is a set of rules that govern job design in manufacturing department. Taylor(1911), the pioneer of scientific management first came up with the theory in the late nineteenth century after viewing widespread inefficient work or soldiering among workers. 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The illustration below represents how diversity can be understood from analasle1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/01406254038471032838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3335610522990150262.post-49114597988701010742020-05-18T18:48:00.001-07:002020-05-18T18:48:07.739-07:00Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards - 1203 Words Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards Lionell C. Henderson Northwood University MBA 644: External Environment Richard DeVos Graduate School of Management Fall 2015 Evening ââ¬â Cedar Hill, Texas Professor James Latham Acknowledge a Problem Exist In 1973, the United States plummeted into a huge energy emergency, as a result of the Arab oil embargo. From October 1973 to March 1974, the United States oil supply from members of the Arabââ¬â¢s Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries became cut off in revenge for the U.S. military aid to Israel during the Arab-Israeli war. The ban led to an unprecedented fuel scarcity nationwide, noticeable by extremely high fuel cost and lengthy rows of vehicles sitting at gas stations. In 1975, Congress passed the Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards. Its motivation is to lower energy use by improving the fuel savings of cars and light trucks, raise the opportunity to create different fuel automobiles, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by assisting to reduce climate change and raise air standards. Define the Problem CAFÃâ° standards are averages that all automobile manufacturers must attain yearly, for the production of their vehicles, as of 1978. The elevation of these standards forces auto manufacturers to react by producing more fuel-efficient vehicles, which enhances the countryââ¬â¢s energy protection and reduces refueling cost, thus retaining the consumers cash. This, in turn, lowers the greenhouse gas dischargeShow MoreRelatedCorporate Average Fuel Economy ( Cafe ) Standards Proposed For Vehicles1812 Words à |à 8 PagesIntroduction Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFÃâ°) standards proposed for vehicles produced between 2017 and 2025 were promulgated through the joint efforts of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) utilizing regulatory powers granted in their charters allowing them to regulate carbon dioxide emissions from vehicles and other greenhouse gas producing sources. (Nichols, 2012) The essence of the proposal was that by 2025 vehicle manufacturesRead MoreEssay on Fuel Economy in American Automobiles1379 Words à |à 6 PagesFuel efficiency in automobiles has become a topic of much discussion in recent years in the United States. This is due largely to the environmental devastation that fuel emissions cause, but it is also sparked by the rising fuel costs. Making cars with high fuel efficiency not only saves consumers money, but also will drastically reduce the pollution that is caused by emissions. Today automakers are putting a trem endous amount of effort into making their cars more fuel efficient, both to meet governmentRead MoreAmerican Auto Industry And The Environment Essay978 Words à |à 4 Pagesshift to fuel efficient cars. After years of poor sales, the federal government took over GM and Chrysler in March 2009. (Amadeo Amadeo, 2016) Although gas prices fell, consumers continued to demand high mpg cars and trucks. The most recent issues involve the environment. Global warming has created a shift in global concern for the environment. This started the environmental issues for the auto industry Fuel Efficiency In 1975, the United States government passed the Corporate Average Fuel EconomyRead MoreQuality Control Of Car Emission Efficiency1218 Words à |à 5 Pagesthe fuel efficient vehicles with application of quality assurance practices. The idea behind this is particularly true for the companies which is related to transportation, where even small difference can save considerable amount of money. Moreover, in the fuel economy website, it is mentioned that the fuel economy predicts the fuel economy tags and to calculate a producer s corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) is received from car when the testing is done at EPA s National Vehicle and Fuel EmissionsRead More The Automobile and the Economy Essay1021 Words à |à 5 Pagesand the Economy The effects the automobile has had on the economy of the world are tremendous. The major effects have came in many ways and include sales of the automobile, jobs provided to sell and manufacture the automobile, gas/oil sales to run the automobile, and the start of auto racing sport. The revolution of the automobile was the start of the most popular and successful industry in the world. The Effect of Gas/Oil There is a great effect on the economy due toRead MoreThe Impact Of Global Competition On The American Automotive Industry879 Words à |à 4 Pagesinnovating new ones, creating more jobs and contributing to a healthier economy (Investopedia, 2015). New Technology Today, the technology that sets products apart in the automobile industry is an imperative competitive aspect. Cars that were once traditionally run by the operator alone are now considered ineffective. Technology like power steering and power brakes have made automobiles much more useful and easy to operate. Now standard, these features were once new and innovative. Similarly, today weRead MoreThe American Automotive Industry Has Long Enjoyed Domestic Sales Supremacy1245 Words à |à 5 Pagesto mid-1970ââ¬â¢s saw a drastic change of position and reputation as the American economy was blasted by a fuel crisis in 1973, when OPEC nations engaged in an oil embargo, violently reducing global supply and seeing the price of oil and gasoline spike, with oil jumping 400% over 3 months (History.com, 2010). The spike in fuel prices coincided with an influx of inexpensive Japanese-built vehicles that were much more fuel efficient than the American products that were available at the time. In responseRead MoreTechnology And Its Impact On Society1614 Words à |à 7 Pagesalso seen lawsuits due to wheels completely falling off their Dodge Durangoââ¬â¢s. Government regulations for the auto industry change around every five years including regulations on controlling safety, fuel economy, and import regulations on vehicles. Industry members struggle to keep up with fuel economy regulations to the point where some companies have been found guilty of falsifying tests to pass regulations on time. Earlier this year Volkswagen was caught in a scandal and was found guilty of presentingRead More Fuel for Thought Essay2073 Words à |à 9 PagesFuel for Thought Should our government regulate the fuel economies of our automobiles or should this be left up to the market? The Corporate Average Fuel Efficiency (CAFE) standards that were implemented in the 1970s contributed to great improvements in vehicle fuel economies. While we have environmental and political reasons to want cars with better fuel efficiency, there are also costs involved. The declining fuel economies of the last fifteen years seem to revealRead MoreImpact Of The American Auto Industry On The Economy867 Words à |à 4 Pagesinternational cars are being designed, manufactured and bought by American consumers and exported to foreign markets today than those exclusively manufactured by American companies, redefining the American auto industry, while having a positive impact on its economy. International brands accounted for 45% of total sales in the U.S. in 2013 and have now risen to 59% of the market, and continue to grow. While the amount of American cars has decreased in the local U.S. market share to international ones, the increase analasle1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/01406254038471032838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3335610522990150262.post-48402457217906244732020-05-12T13:24:00.001-07:002020-05-12T13:24:03.416-07:00Essay on Rene Descartes Meditations on First Philosophy Descartes believes that knowledge comes from within the mind. This is a single indisputable fact to build on that can be gained through individual reflection. While seeking true knowledge, Descartes writes his Six Meditations. In these meditations, Descartes tries to develop a strong foundation, which all knowledge can be built upon. In the First Meditation, Descartes begins developing this foundation through the method of doubt. He casts doubt upon all his previous beliefs, including ââ¬Å"matters which are not entirely certain and indubitable [and] those which appear to be manifestly false.â⬠(Descartes, p.75, par.3) Once Descartes clears away all beliefs that can be called into doubt, he can then build a strong base for all trueâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Though, Descartes must explore all doubts involving this internal sense if he wants to use it as his foundation for knowledge. Descartes brings up the possibility that perhaps at this point, right now, he is dreaming. A person who is dreaming may have difficulty differentiating between the dream and reality. Descartes says ââ¬Å"How often has it happened to me that in the night I dreamt that I found myself in this particular place, that I was dressed and seated near the fire, whilst in reality I was lying undressed in bed!â⬠(Descartes, p.76, par.1) According to this idea, I may believe, even now, I am dreaming, this not my body, and I am not writing this paper for philosophy but I am really lying in bed somewhere sleeping. This dream hypothesis would invalidate the beliefs that are based on internal sense; for if you are dreaming then what you believe to be your awareness of self is truly false. You may say that everyday life exhibits a smoothness and understanding, which dreams do not. Dreams have little rhyme or reason; while life experience is orderly and controlled. However, this scale of mea suring the differences of coherence between dreams and reality is unreliable. Sometimes dreams are incoherent and sometimes they appear to be real.Show MoreRelatedRene Descartes Meditations on First Philosophy1234 Words à |à 5 Pages In Rene Descartes, Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes does and experiment with wax to try to prove that things actually exist in this world. This essay is going to prove how we can tell that things actually exist and what can perceive the wax. Rene Descartes starts off with a description of the wax so he can prove to us the changes that will happen throughout his experiment. ââ¬Å"Let us take, for instance, this piece of wax. It has been taken quite recently from theRead MoreMeditations On First Philosophy By Rene Descartes Essay839 Words à |à 4 PagesPrà ©ciso of Meditations on First Philosophy Through his series of books, Meditations on First Philosophy, Renà © Descartes enlightens his philosophical ideas about knowledge in which we should discard all belief we arenââ¬â¢t absolute certain about and establishes what we know for sure. In the introduction he clarifying the main ideas of each of the 6 books and using to them build up to his belief. Starting with the First Meditations, he discusses about doubt. He believed that there are no real foundationsRead MoreThe Meditations On First Philosophy By Rene Descartes916 Words à |à 4 Pages The Meditations on First Philosophy by Rene Descartes is a thorough analysis about doubt. Descartes describes his method of doubt to determine whether he can truly know something. One of his major arguments is the proof of the existence of God. In this paper, I will attempt to unravel the flaws in Descartes proof that God exists. In the meditations, Descartes evaluates whether or not everything we know is a reality or a dream. Descartes claims that we can only be sure that our beliefs are trueRead MoreMeditations On First Philosophy By Rene Descartes1062 Words à |à 5 PagesIn Meditations on First Philosophy, Renà © Descartes philosophies made a substantial advancement in enabling us to understand the world around us by querying many of the Aristotelian doctrines that are still being discussed in philosophy today. He attempts to answer the question; can you fully trust your senses? Descartes uses methodological doubt, which is a process of being skeptical about truths of someoneââ¬â¢s belief to revoke from his senses. In Meditation One: Concerning Those Things That Can BeRead MoreRene Descartes Meditations On First Philosophy1758 Words à |à 8 PagesPerhaps the most startling conclusion reached by Renà © Descartes in Meditations on First Philosophy is his proposed disconnection between the Mind and Body. Striving to separate the spiritual from the corporeal to enable scientific examination of the earthly without interference from the divine, Descartes conceives that the two basic human substances, Mind and Body, are distinct and therefore able to exist separate of one another in his [in]famous claim of substance dualism. His conclusions rest uponRead MoreEssay on Meditations on First Philosophy by Rene Descartes1561 Words à |à 7 Pages In his work, Meditations on First Philosophy, Renà © Descartes writes to rid pre-conceptions, and disprove all belief in thoughts that are not certain, accepting only what can be known for sure. In his Meditation VI: Of the Existence of Material Things, and the Real Distinction between the Mind and Body of Man, he discusses his belief that the mind and body are two separate substances, claiming that the nonmaterial mind and the material body, while being ontologically distinct substances, causallyRead MoreRene Descartes s Meditation On First Philosophy802 Words à |à 4 PagesRenà © Descartes objective in Meditation on First Philosophy is to construct philosophy as a solid methodical study and discipline alike the sciences. To do so he must first suspend belief in all things doubtful and from their go about verifying the true concepts of the world. In meditation II he verifies that he is a thinking thing and finds that the certainty of the cogito ââ¬Å"I think therefore I amâ⬠lies in the distinct perception of what he affirms. From this he generates a general rule of evidenceRead More Rene Descartes Meditations on First Philosophy Essay1946 Words à |à 8 PagesRene Descartes Meditations on First Philosophy Rene Descartesââ¬â¢ third meditation from his book Meditations on First Philosophy, examines Descartesââ¬â¢ arguments for the existence of God. The purpose of this essay will be to explore Descartesââ¬â¢ reasoning and proofs of Godââ¬â¢s existence. In the third meditation, Descartes states two arguments attempting to prove Godââ¬â¢s existence, the Trademark argument and the traditional Cosmological argument. Although his arguments are strong and relatively truthfulRead MoreAnalysis Of Rene Descartes s Meditations On First Philosophy 1399 Words à |à 6 PagesPhilosophy Essay 1 Rene Descartes was born in in La Haye, France, in 1596 and he studied at La Fleche Jesuit College and University of Poitiers. Descartes also lived in Germany, Holland and Sweden. He then worked in the army as a private councillor and then as a court philosopher. Descartes book ââ¬ËMeditations on First Philosophyââ¬â¢ was first published in 1641. The edition used to write this essay was edited by John Cottingham and was published by the Cambridge University Press in 1996. Descartes wasRead MoreAnalysis Of Rene Descartes s Meditations On First Philosophy1066 Words à |à 5 Pageswhat is reality? Among these writers were Renà ¨ Descartes and George Berkeley, who respectively argued that everything perceived must be real due to God being unable to deceive, and that the physical world only exists in oneââ¬â¢s mind. In my view, it is not certain that the physical world is real, but one should act as if it is. Renà ¨ Descartes, in Meditations on First Philosophy, wrote each section after successive ââ¬Å"meditations.â⬠In Descartesââ¬â¢s first meditation, he claims it is unable to be proven whether analasle1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/01406254038471032838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3335610522990150262.post-59747010267003680352020-05-06T21:04:00.001-07:002020-05-06T21:04:04.904-07:00Film Analysis The Minority Report Essay - 1596 Words The Minority Report is a film that tries to stop crimes before they happen, with the enlistment of 3 teen pre-cogs. These pre-cogs predict future murders and the authorities swoop in and arrest the would-be murders, before they have the chance of committing the crime. Even thing goes great until Anderton, a cop played by Tom Cruise, is suspected. Written by Philip K. Dick and then turned to film by Steven Spielberg in 2002, the short story to film became a success. Though there are many differences between the book and the movie, one would think Steven Spielberg would not be able to grab audienceââ¬â¢s attention, but with his skills, Spielberg went above and beyond all measures. Many times, novels to films end up being either a great hitâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦This was a vision that was never told to be wrong, and for that every individual that came up as a suspect was bound to do exactly what the pre-cogs predicted in the exact order and time. Pre crime was made to keep out crime and those who attempted to commit it, but that all changes when John Anderton finds himself a suspect. There is much to point out within the difference of the book and the movie. They were made in two different time frames by two different people, and made with a traditional but radical transition. Like any other, the book is supposed to seem more detailed and convincing, but in this case I vote for the movie by Steven Spielberg. The film on The Minority Report comes to life in a modernized and technical way rather that the book, just old John and deformed idiots called pre-cogs. Furthermore, to read the book and see the film, much is told differently, but they work with the same plot, and that is the reason that the transition is successful. Very different from the film, the book told it much differently as if they were speaking about aliens. ââ¬Å"The three gibbering, fumbling creatures, with their enlarged heads and wasted bodies, were contemplating the future. The analytical machinery carefully listened.â⬠(121, Harrison). This particular scene is when Anderton and Witwer realized that the three creatures they had been referring to as idiots, were actually geniuses because of their ability to predict the future. The pre-cogs were predictingShow MoreRelatedMinority Report Film Analysis1070 Words à |à 5 PagesStephen Spielbergââ¬â¢s 2002 science fiction mystery thriller Minority Report, is an interesting commentary on the age old struggle for human beings to find a balance between our desire for freedom and our need for security. The premise of the film is that in the future, 2954 to be exact, the city of Washington, D.C. has instituted a pre-crime police unit which harnesses the ââ¬Å"powersâ⬠of three young people with precognition to detect murders before they happen. The main character is police chief JohnRead MoreMinority Report Film Analysis1427 Words à |à 6 PagesThe film Minority Report catalyzes a specific message through its usage of film effects and actors. Dystopian films are created through the filmââ¬â¢s plot, often enforcing an over-arching method of government corruption and control through its setting, actors, and specific lighting. These key elements utilize the overall tone of the film, and it is the specific use of actors and technicians that ultimately set the film up for success. Minority Report exploits this usage of blocking and setting in orderRead MoreFilm Analysis of Minority Report Essay968 Words à |à 4 Pagesaction and another, his freedom to seek good and avoid evil. The animal has no freedom, but is determined by physical and biological laws; like a machine, the animal responds whenever the appropriate stimulus is presentâ⬠(Bolles 1963, p.182). In Minority Report (2002) one of the main issues is free will ve rsus determinism. Is there some point that people can and do change their mind while committing an act? In the movie, the police have the right to arrest and charge citizens that have been determinedRead MoreGendered Medi The Influence Of Media On Views Of Gender, By Julia T. Wood1405 Words à |à 6 Pagesrepresent an environment of equal opportunity for both sex. However, the majority of women that are currently represented on television are Caucasian female. Additionally, thereââ¬â¢s still an absence of diversity and inclusion as thereââ¬â¢s not a lot of minority group being portrayed in television. For instance, when other groups such as Latinas are represented in television they are portrayed in a negative way unlike Caucasian females. Not only are Latinas negative portrayed, but when they are representedRead MoreGraduation Speech : Senior Honors Program1321 Words à |à 6 Pagesmothers and how they have been depicted in film over the past sixty five years. Over the tim e period of 1950-2015, single mothers are continuously addressed throughout American politics in relation to both economic and moral conditions of the country. For an honors thesis I would be interested in researching the possibility of a relationship between the way single mothers are addressed and mentioned in politics, how they are subsequently portrayed in film, and how the general public conceptualizesRead MoreThe Reason Why Minorities Are Often Suspected First Of Doing Violent Crime1525 Words à |à 7 Pages The following paper will try to discover the reason why minorities are often suspected first of doing violent crime, instead of their counterparts. A general reason why trying to understand this phenomenon is important is for the consequences it brings. When an individual, in this case minorities, are suspected of doing violent crime, they are more often targeted more than usual. This leads to mostly minorities being in prison, and in most states, they are not allowed to vote. This is crucial forRead MoreThe Help Film Analysis Essay1686 Words à |à 7 PagesHannah Struzynski Film/Documentary Analysis Paper: The Help ERS 100 Section 8 For my film/documentary analysis paper, I chose the movie The Help. This movie was actually originally a book written by Kathryn Stockett, but then in 2011, a screenplay was written and directed by Tate Taylor. I selected this film because it directly relates to some of the topics we talk about in class. Some of them being segregation and discrimination. In society today, segregation and discrimination play a huge roleRead MoreMovie Analysis : Crash 1055 Words à |à 5 PagesMohamed Abdi Professor Opse English 1108 23 November 2015 Movie Analysis Although the movie Crash aired in 2004, the movie does a phenomenal job at depicting social conflicts that are still evident in 2015. Crash, also deals with wide range of controversies and offers multiple narratives. And since narrative is always a two-way street, the movie does a great job of showing two perspectives of everything. More specifically, it challenges our ethical and moral beliefs in a sense that many of theRead MoreDefining Socially Conscious Film Making Essay1311 Words à |à 6 Pagesresponsibilities that our progressive films champion because the ends justify the means? The system is not working. And while it may be seemingly impossible to change, this does not absolve us of our responsibility to critically examine a system that, like many others in our global economy, which can be classist, ageist and exploitative. Letââ¬â¢s look at the elephant in the room constructively, bravely, honestly and in the spirit of discovery. Before hearing the report on NPR today, I contemplated applyingRead MoreMedia s Negative Portrayal Of Minorities903 Words à |à 4 Pagesthat technology is vital to the facilitation of everyday living. In todayââ¬â¢s media, minorities are constantly being represented in a negative light. Those who fall victim to this tend to be Latinos and African Americans. In the news, there are many aired reports of acts of violence that are portrayed as being committed either by an African American or a Latino. Entertainment media also does its part in showing minorities through negative stereotypes and are underrepresented in important leading roles analasle1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/01406254038471032838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3335610522990150262.post-88802172287148419182020-05-06T12:26:00.001-07:002020-05-06T12:26:35.676-07:00Dimension Of Inter Professional Working Free Essays Introduction This commentary reflects on my experience of collaboration within the inter-professional team during my placement. It critically analyses the contribution of various members of the multidisciplinary team and their unique roles in a patientââ¬â¢s holistic care. In my placement, I had the opportunity to engage in service delivery in an inter-professional team which included a Physiotherapist, Psychiatrist, Occupational therapist and Nurse, working to provide holistic care to the patient. We will write a custom essay sample on Dimension Of Inter Professional Working or any similar topic only for you Order Now Gibbs (1988) proposes a flexible and easy to follow framework for the conduct of a reflective exercise. It encompasses reflection upon and incorporation of knowledge, feelings and action towards better understanding and development of knowledge for future utility (Jasper, 2003). It is guided by the questions: What happenedWhat was my responseHow did I actAre the feelings good or badAre they justifiableWhat can be learned from them(Boud, et al., 1985; Moon, 2004) This approach has been employed to structure this account. Description In compliance to the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) Code of Professional Conduct (2008), names and details herein are referred to using pseudonyms. While in placement practice in the acute ward which covered a period of six weeks, I took care of Lucy a 66 year old patient diagnosed with dementia as a result of the death of her husband. Worden (1993) suggests that with the loss of loved ones, people can have a protracted experience which may include changes in mental health, impairment in the activities of daily life, and loss of mobility. Lucy lived with her 16 year-old granddaughter helping her out in the activities of daily life but her condition had deteriorated, was always confused and could no longer do anything by herself. During an initial meeting to discuss care plans (Care Programme Approach (CPA) meeting), I noticed that Lucy and her family were absent despite the Department of Health (2007a) categorically stating that CPA meetings should have in attendance all professionals and family involved in the patientââ¬â¢s care. The CPA meeting is an opportunity for all involved to discuss care plans, and successes from which decisions and changes to programs can be made to attain quality outcome/care (Department of Health, 2004; Barker, 2009). The answer from my mentor to my inquiry on the absence of Lucy and her relatives was that the decision was taken to avoid distressing the patient in her fragile state, allowing the team members to discuss Lucyââ¬â¢s care without such a concern. I was not in a position to insist upon the inclusion of Lucyââ¬â¢s relatives and had to accept the decisions as made by the team. My feelings and thought The common goal for the inter-personal team was to ensure enhanced care for Lucy, in line with the nursing duty to care to safeguard and promote the health and comfort of those under care (John, 2000; Nursing and Midwifery Council, 2008). With this basic tenet, I was dissatisfied by the decision not to involve Lucy and her relatives in the CPA meeting. I felt that her family, also as her caregivers, needed to be made aware of requisite care plans. In support of my sentiment, Webster (2002) states that it is paramount to engage all parties to achieve successful assessment and subsequent treatment. However, I was pleased with the engagement of the inter-professional team with each member having clear tasks and specifications of duties. Their contribution of diverse strengths and skills (Webster, 2002) assured a positive outcome and holistic care for Lucy. Evaluation Nurses are integral to the professional team; initiating, assessing and suggesting interventions. They assume a pivotal role in ensuring holistic care by the entire team; (Barret, 2009; Hudson, 2002). Without regard to my concerns the entire team involved in Lucyââ¬â¢s care had effective communication throughout which enhanced overall efficiency. Members updated information and shared their individual understanding of Lucyââ¬â¢s situation to the benefit of all present and read her progress note frequently. This became a significant source of communication towards her enhanced care. Hornby and Atkins (2000) and Webster (2002) suggest that sharing of knowledge and expertise is among the significantly beneficial aspects emerging from inter-professional engagement. The collaboration of the team was essential in expanding the collective understanding and ensuring efficiency in coordination to attain the required assistance and support (Webster, 2002). All professionals in the team were systematically and efficiently engaged in Lucyââ¬â¢s care. The psychiatrist assessed Lucy holistically and prescribed medication, and through time, educated her about her course of treatment. The Occupational therapist assessed Lucy for her capacity for independent life and assessed the level of support required in her road to recovery, which was a fundamental guide to the teamââ¬â¢s care plan. The Physiotherapist assessed Lucy and decided upon a treatment plan to assist her with movement, providing passive exercises as Lucy was initially quite reluctant to get out of bed. The patientââ¬â¢s nurse and I were involved in the daily care and support, implementing the directions in the plans as prescribed by the other professionals in the team. We took the lead of the workforce utilising the unique nursing role to build a strong therapeutic relationship with patients, identifying and advocating their needs (Jack and Smith, 2007). The nurse, John, 2000 outlines, makes unique contributions towards patient care are broad and varied encompassing assessment, coordination of care, enhancement of overall communication, physical and technical care, integration of various prescribed therapies, emotional support, as well as the empowerment of patients and their families for active participation in the delivery of care. Later, with the marked improvement of the patient and enhanced mobility, the Occupational therapist prescribed and we helped engage her with Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) and leisure activities such as art, cooking and relaxation sessions (Roper, et al., 2000). These activities played an important role helping Lucy to enhance her socialization, meeting and engaging with other people and thereby building her confidence and self-esteem. Analysis Upon reflection, I feel that the way in which the multidisciplinary team was involved and the effective utilization of all skills and input available was integral to the attainment of the objective of care which is a positive outcome (Webster, 2002). It is however noteworthy that sometimes, as was in this case, input from some members of the team is often overlooked due to a number of varied factors among which is seniority, communication, as well as an appreciation and understanding of their roles. (Hornby and Atkins, 2000). The Mental Health Act (1983) later amended in 2007 (Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2009) empowers psychiatrists to make decisions regarding the mental ill. This was the basis for the decision to exclude Lucy and her family citing her potential distress (Vostanis, P., 2007). With this realization, it would have been an unnecessary hindrance to clamour for the involvement of the patient and her family against the advice of the professionals. The patientââ¬â¢s distress, as envisaged, would have affected the outcome of her treatment and care (Malkinson and Ellis, 2000). With the need in Lucyââ¬â¢s case for a multidisciplinary approach to get her a favourable therapeutic outcome, I noted that it was essential to understand and appreciate the different roles of professionals particularly in healthcare (Department of Health, 2007b), effective teamwork to deliver the essential aspects of healthcare across the boundaries of varied roles (Department of Health, 2007a; Hornby and Atkins, 2000). Conclusion With the entire team agreed upon the decision not to involve relatives in the best interests of the patient and the required positive outcome, the team was able to run through the patientââ¬â¢s care plan as envisaged, effectively and with notable efficiency. The patientââ¬â¢s condition was successfully resolved and, in time, she realized marked improvement, mobility and was able to engage socially with others. It was integral that each member of the inter-professional team through efficient and effective collaboration contributed to the high quality care and outcome. For this collaborative effort, communication was paramount. Action plan Through this reflection, I was able to identify and establish factors that could be significant in improving my future career. Healthcare is inherently multidisciplinary and requires collaborative effort of diverse professionals (Barret, 2005; Webster, 2002). It is important to understand and appreciate the different roles played by various professionals. Through this placement, I gained an understanding of the import of effective collaborative efforts of diverse professionals in healthcare that enable the realization of positive outcomes for patients. Enhanced placement opportunities covering such multidisciplinary tasks, and the inclusion of inter-professional collaboration scenarios during training is essential to acquire such an appreciation. I also realized the essential place of nursing practice, playing an integral and pivotal role in ensuring holistic care by the entire team and enabling the success of the collaborative process. There should also be an elaboration of ethics and studies into appropriate instances for the exclusion of mental patients and their families from such programmes as CPA in the opinion of a psychiatrist. This would enable better understanding and consensus in scenarios such as in this particular case. References Barker, P., 2009. Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing: The Craft of Caring. 2nd London: Oxford University Press Barret, P., 2005. Collaborative Practice. London: Oxford University Boud, D., Keogh, R., Walker, D., 1985, Reflection: Turning Experience into Learning, Kogan-Page, London Department of Health, 2004. The Ten Essential Shared Capabilities: A Framework for the whole of the Mental Health Workforce. London:DoH Department of Health, 2007a. Learning for collaboration practice. London Department of Health, 2007b. Best Practice in Managing Risk. London: HMSO Gibbs, R., 1988. Learning by changing: A guide to teaching and learning methods: Oxford Further Education Unit: Oxford Brook University. Hornby, S., and Atkins, J., 2000. A relational approach to collaboration. eds. Collaborative Care: Inter-professional, Interagency and Interpersonal. London: Blackwell Hudson, B., 2002. ââ¬Å"Inter-professionalism in health and social care: The Achillesââ¬â¢ Heel of Partnership.â⬠In: Journal of Inter-professional care. 16(1), 7-17 Jack, K., and A., Smith, 2007. Promoting self-awareness in nursing to improve nursing practice. Nursing Standard, 21, 32, 47-52 Jasper, M., 2003. Beginning Reflective Practice: Foundation in Nursing and Health Care. London: Nelson Thornes John, C., 2000. Becoming a Practitioner. A reflective and holistic approach to clinical nursing: Practice development and clinical supervision Malkinson, R., and A., Ellis, 2000. The Application of Rational-Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REB) in traumatic and non-traumatic loss. Moon, J. A., 2004. Handbook of Reflective and Experiential Learning: Theory and Practice, Taylor Francis. Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC), 2008. The Code of Professional Conduct: Standard for conduct, performance and ethical protecting the public through professional standard. London: NMC Roper, N., W., Logan and A., Tierney, 2000. The Roper-Logan-Tierney Model of Nursing Based on Activities of Living. Edinburg: Churchill Livingstone Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2009. Role of Consultant Psychiatrist in Psychotherapy. London: RCP Webster, J., 2002. Team working: Understanding multi-professional working. Nursing Older People. 14(3):14-9 Worden, W., 1993. Grief Counselling and Grief Therapy: A handbook for the Mental Health Practitioner. 2nd ed. Routledge: London Vostanis, P., 2007. ââ¬Å"Mental health and mental disorder.â⬠In Coleman, J., and A., Hagell, eds. Adolescence, risk and resilience. Against the odds. Chichester: John Wiley and sons How to cite Dimension Of Inter Professional Working, Essay examples analasle1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/01406254038471032838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3335610522990150262.post-90250754500648279832020-05-06T04:33:00.001-07:002020-05-06T04:33:11.252-07:00Hunter Gatherer to Agriculture free essay sample During the Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic Age many things were lost and gained from the conversion of the hunter-gatherer life style to the agricultural life style. During the Paleolithic and Mesolithic Age it was mostly hunter-gatherers where people were nomadic and traveled from place to place to hunt for their food. The Neolithic changed into an agricultural way of life where they raised livestock and grew crops for their food. With the conversion from the hunter-gatherer lifestyle to the agricultural lifestyle humans lost some certain things. For example, humans lost the group decision factor. Humans were more individualized in the agricultural way of life because growing your own food on your own land is more independent verses moving in a group to find a food supply. Another example is that humans lose their variety of food when raising their own. When participating in the agricultural way of life humans have to be selective when they choose what they are going to raise for their supply of food. We will write a custom essay sample on Hunter Gatherer to Agriculture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Furthermore, humans lost the privilege to travel where they wanted to. Humans built settlements during the Neolithic Age where they raised their farms so they couldnââ¬â¢t continue to travel for their food. All in all humans lost things during the conversion of hunter-gathering to farming but the advancement made humans stronger. Even though the conversion of hunter-gatherer to agriculture made humans lose some things, humans also gained a lot. For example, hunter-gatherers only had a few tools to use while searching for their food. With the advancement to agriculture humans not only had a more efficient food supply but they also had more advanced tools to help them with work. Another example is that humans domesticated livestock. The domestication of livestock made work a lot easier to be done, such as plowing fields, moving large amount of seed or transporting crops from one place to another. Furthermore, humans gained housing. With the conversion to agriculture humans built settlements during the Neolithic Age. Humans were able to live in houses rather than traveling to different places. Many things were lost and gained with the switch to the new age. Humans switched from a nomadic lifestyle to a settled lifestyle. This switch made a better lifestyle for humans with the surplus of food and advancement in technology of the New Stone Age. The agricultural way of life made things easier for humans rather than the hunter-gatherer way of life. analasle1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/01406254038471032838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3335610522990150262.post-73602769197342869362020-05-02T12:58:00.001-07:002020-05-02T12:58:02.442-07:00Do As I Say Not As I free essay sample Do As I Say, Not As I Do: The Struggle For Female Essay, Research Paper A continual subject throughout the 2nd subdivision of category this one-fourth has been the thought of gender and gender in antediluvian and modern India and the continued effort of the Indian adult female to derive the right to show herself as she chooses. Whether contending for abortion rights, the ability to show oneself sexually through pick or spouse, or even the ability to bask sexual familiarity with one # 8217 ; s hubby, the adult females of these texts symbolize the continual battle for freedom of female look. Looking to understand that we are sexual existences in nature, the work forces of India have discovered that by commanding female gender, they can, in consequence control females. While articles on female aborticide and sapphic civilization in India focal point on male efforts to devaluate adult females # 8217 ; s beliefs and thoughts, the commentary on the Hijras and the movie Fire service to expose the contradictions that exist between male and female sexual practi ces. The thought of a dual criterion for gender is displayed in the movie Fire, possibly more blatantly than any other beginning we have covered this one-fourth. The film focuses on the developing relationship of two ignored sisters-in-law in present twenty-four hours India. The two adult females find themselves confronting celibacy due to their hubbies who neglect them both emotionally and sexually, one due to his continual chase of # 8216 ; pureness # 8217 ; , the other due to his matter with a local aspiring actress. The sexual freedoms of work forces and adult females in the movie are shown to be immensely unbalanced. The work forces in the movie # 8217 ; s household group: two brothers and their gardener/caretaker show sexual freedom that despite its injury to others goes virtually unpunished. None of these three work forces take part in a # 8216 ; normal # 8217 ; heterosexual relationship as defined by the societal norms of the clip. One is exposing himself to the aged female p arent, one is holding an matter, and the 3rd is practising self-induced celibacy. Though each of these actions finally leads to some effect, none of the consequences could be considered highly rough, particularly in comparing to what happens to the adult females of the film. When it is eventually discovered that the household # 8217 ; s caretaker has been watching grownup films and masturbating in forepart of the hubbies # 8217 ; aged female parent he is berated non dismissed from his occupation. Although Radah # 8217 ; s hubby is neither rip offing on her nor publically exposing himself, she excessively must cover with the sexual repression of being forced to put by his side each dark while he # 8216 ; trials himself # 8217 ; to see if he can defy his sexual impulses. No reference is of all time made to him that by making this he excessively is sexually ruling his married woman, non by coercing but by denying familiarity. While it is known in the household that Sita # 8217 ; s hubby is holding an matter both before and during his matrimony to her, he is left free to move as he wishes so long as he stays married to Sita. Though the household frowns upon each of these behaviours it does so softly ; the work forces are given the freedom to move as they wish so long as they do non do a public spectacle of themselves. Conversely, the three adult females populating within this household show the deficiency of freedom to sexually show themselves until their rebellion at the terminal of the movie. Even Biji, the aged female parent of the adult females # 8217 ; hubbies is left to the will of those around her. Unable to talk she must defy her health professional # 8217 ; s exhibitionism in silence until her daughter-in-law by chance walks in on him. It is merely when the adult females turn to each other that they are given the chance to show themselves sexually. The adult females of this civilization are given no ability to command their ain gender ; every face t of their sexual being is founded in their hubbies. Even after the adult females begin their matter, they are still controlled by their hubbies: cognizing that they must conceal it in order to avoid the utmost effects. In analyzing the two books covered in this subdivision ; Sakhiani: Lesbian Desire in Ancient and Modern India and Neither Man nor Woman: The Hijras of India we are able to see the many ways in which female homosexualism is seen as aberrant behaviour while the transgender and homosexual patterns of the Hijras are about celebrated. Although both civilizations claim to hold spiritual footing and about fabulous histories, it is merely the life style of the Hijras who have been assimilated into modern Indian civilization. In Sakhiyani, the writer sites the masculization of several female divinities as a symbol of the continual attempt by the males of Indian society to devaluate the spiritual icons that support her claims of a strong history of sapphic civilization in anci ent India. By denying the womens rightist and sapphic motions the ability to site such icons, the dominant male civilization is able to maintain what they feel is aberrant behaviours under wraps. In researching the modern twenty-four hours displacement of focal point from females as a sexual being to females as a generative being, the writer illustrates society # 8217 ; s try to devaluate the female sexual experience. # 8220 ; Fertility and libidinal desire are reduced to raw, unrefined, animal-like wild phenomena desperately necessitating male domination. # 8221 ; ( Sakhiyani, p. 37 ) This clearly paints a image of a gender that will whirl wildly out of control if non kept in line by a dominant male force. The Sakhiyani article illustrates the finding of the patriarchal society to maintain control over all facets of gender in India. If a adult female can hold a sexual being without male company, work forces lose the ability to order the footings of female gender. By coercing adu lt females to bind their gender to work forces and denying them the ability to be as a sexual being on their ain or with other adult females, the work forces are able to procure their places in society.In visible radiation of India # 8217 ; s supposed resistance to modern sexual aberrance, it is interesting to exam ine the Indian peopleââ¬â¢s general intervention of the Hijrasââ¬â¢ civilization and life style. Although these work forces choose to populate outside the societal norm they are in many ways revered and celebrated. The Hijras have employed many of the same techniques as the womens rightist and sapphic motions to back up the cause, but have done so with far greater success. They site fabulous mentions and narratives as edifice support for their life style throughout the history of India. Nothing has been done to devaluate these narratives and icons, go forthing the Hijras free to establish their civilization on what they feel is historical justification. On the other manus, an perceiver can witness the witting effort to kill feminine divinities and myths that would back up a female power motion or sexual release. There seems to hold been a deliberate determination to let the Hijras the freedom to populate as they choose based on the thought that despite their aberrant behaviour, they are still work forces and hence entitled to do their ain life style picks. It could be argued that the Hijras are tolerated because of the cultural function they play in society. It is the function of the Hijras to entertain at nuptialss and the jubilation of the birth of a boy, conveying approvals upon the household through their supposed # 8216 ; charming # 8217 ; powers. The Hijras have been known to capitalise on this place by endangering to cuss a kid or matrimony if their demands for money are non met. It seems improbable that society would allow such power to a group purely because of their acting abilities and the freshness of their Acts of the Apostless. It is more likely that the male dominated society understands that this group # 8217 ; s lifestyle pick nowadayss small menace to their power construction. Despite the Hijras pick to populate their lives as female, they are still in world work forces taking to take part in sexual activities on their ain agreement. The thought of adult females being denied sexual rights or existence apart from ma le influence comes to a caput in the scrutiny of abortion patterns in the article # 8220 ; The impossibleness of # 8216 ; justness # 8217 ; : Female foeticide and feminist discourse on abortion # 8221 ; by Nivedita Menon. In this article, the writer explains that despite the supposed right of the Indian adult female to # 8216 ; take # 8217 ; in affairs of whether or non to convey a kid to term, the being of the societal force per unit area to restrict reproduction and the stressed importance on babe male childs counteracts the right to take by virtually coercing adult females to abort female foetuss. The sarcasm of India is that the combination of giving adult females the right to an abortion and the societal emphasis of bring forthing male kids has led to a close epidemic of female aborticide. The pick given to adult females has efficaciously succeeded in cut downing their value as worlds and perpetuated the thought that the production of male kids is a more valuable part to society than that of female kids. The feminist motion in India met with small if any opposition in their quest to legalise abortion, seen as a basic right necessary to the publicity of feminism. On the contrary, the Indian authorities has provided free clinics across the state for such intents ; rural small towns without running H2O find themselves equipped with the installations necessary for such processs. By besides supplying these small towns with the engineering to find foetal sex, the authorities has capitalized on the apprehension of the demand for boies in rural scenes. In support of the thought that the authorities may hold had subterranean motivations in supplying the adult females with pick in generative affairs, Menon sites that # 8221 ; the selective abortion of female fetuss seems to hold built into the population control policies of the Sixth and Seventh Plans. # 8221 ; ( Menon p. 377 ) Because the act of abortion has been taken advantage of by the authorities as a manner to command the female population, womens rightists in India have been faced with the inquiry of whether or non to oppose abortion as # 8220 ; population control policies that coerce adult females by control of their fertility. # 8221 ; ( Menon p. 386 ) Despite, or even possibly because of the campaign for generative rights in India, adult females find themselves once more being sexually controlled by the male focused society. The beginnings covered in this subdivision supply huge illustrations of the domination of adult females # 8217 ; s sexual rights in India. By denying sexual freedom to Indian adult females, the male-based society is able to maintain an effectual control on their desires and actions. The males of India seem to impart support to the thoughts of some ultra-feminists in that a adult female # 8217 ; s power remainders within her gender. If work forces can detect how to maintain a reign on a adult female # 8217 ; s sexual patterns, so they can efficacious ly maintain a reign on adult females by denying them the ability to take full productive lives without the aid of work forces. Each beginning supports the thought that work forces # 8217 ; s command over female gender lends to their ability to rule them. In the movie Fire we see Radha forced to symbolically go through through the pureness trial of the fire when a confrontation with her hubby over her relationship with Sita by chance lights the house on fire. In Sakhiani, we are shown the legion ways in which male society has attempted to discredit the strong female presence in Hindu mythology. Serena Nanda # 8217 ; s commentary on the lives of the Hijras serves to exemplify the freedom given to males to take their ain sexual patterns. Finally, the thought of male domination of adult females is brought to head Nivedita Medon # 8217 ; s article on female aborticide in modern India. Each state of affairs symbolizes how far adult females have to travel in their battle for personal fr eedom in Indian society. It is merely upon either the credence of female pick by the dominant male heiarchy or the feminine ability to get the better of male subjugation that will convey to illume a new epoch of adult female # 8217 ; s rights. The female power battle in India is far from over. analasle1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/01406254038471032838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3335610522990150262.post-2555586323172777332020-04-10T16:12:00.001-07:002020-04-10T16:12:03.732-07:00Argumentative Essay Topics About Fields of MedicineArgumentative Essay Topics About Fields of MedicineThere are a number of argumentative essay topics about fields of medicine. They can be extremely interesting and useful, in many different ways. The good news is that you can write about any field of medicine with an argumentative essay topic about it and earn a decent grade in the process.The first of the four argumentative essay topics about fields of medicine is how medical topics are viewed. This is very important, because it determines how well your medical essay will turn out, and how well you will get into medical school. However, to understand this topic, we need to go back to why you want to write an essay on a particular topic in the first place.You want to write an essay about your experiences in medical school. You want to get into medical school. And you also want to prove to the admissions committee that you are not a medical scam artist. You need to present your experiences, the research you have done, and all the thin gs that went into your decision to get into medical school, so that the admissions committee sees that you have done all the necessary research in order to get into medical school.In order to get into medical school, you have to write an essay about how your experiences in medical school got you where you are now. You need to give your reasons for getting into medical school, and the reasons you have used to get into medical school. Then you must show how this time around, you have done all the necessary research to get into medical school.Most medical schools have their own student information systems, which students use to do research and keep track of coursework and exams. A student's application for admission to medical school is usually done electronically, using the online admissions system. You want to show that you use your admissions information system to research and write your essay, because that is what is necessary for medical school.If you are a medical student, there are other essays you can use as argumentative essay topics about fields of medicine. However, these essays need to be used with great care. You want to ensure that they fit with the medical school's style and focus, so that they are successful. If you do them wrong, then you may have a very hard time getting into medical school, because you will be arguing against the admissions staff instead of showing them that you have done the research necessary to get into medical school.The first two argumentative essay topics about fields of medicine are relatively easy to understand, and they can be extremely effective when used correctly. Do not write off any of these as being wrong; they are a great tool for getting into medical school. analasle1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/01406254038471032838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3335610522990150262.post-44764722319567444602020-03-23T10:32:00.001-07:002020-03-23T10:32:02.966-07:00Addiction Is a Disease free essay sample Many people believe the misconception that an addiction is a moral problem and not a disease. To better understand the reasons why an additicition is in fact a disease; I will identify several types of addictions, and the problems associated with them. I will examine reasons why certain people are more susceptible for developing an addiction. Also, I will determine why many addicts deny their problems and many recovery methods addicts use to fight their illness. Researching these issues, will help aid my claim that addiction is a disease. Addictions can form from using mood altering drugs such as, nicotine, alcohol, cocaine and caffeine, or behavioral processes as with gambling, eating, sex or shopping (Schwartz 21). Schwartz defines ââ¬Å"An addiction, as is any process over which people are powerless, which leads them into behavior inconsistent with personal values, and which they are unwilling to give up, often at the expense of work, relationships or family. We will write a custom essay sample on Addiction Is a Disease or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â⬠(21) Behavioral processes, such as gambling, provide the brain with a sense of gratification, while ignoring the resulting consequences (Henderson 154). Psychologists compared the conditioning effects produced by a slot machine with similar conditioning experiments on animals. A slot machine may dispense a reward at unexpected times but a person will continue to use the machine even though a reward is not guaranteed. Animals that performed certain behaviors were given a reward at unforeseen intervals. Although, they were not always given a reward they continued the behavior in the lure of possibly receiving a reward. This test demonstrates that a specific behavioral response can be instilled into the brain, regardless of the subsequent outcome. Activities like gambling arouse the pleasure center of the brain by releasing dopamine (Friedman 29). Dopamine is a neurotransmitter in the brain that recognizes feelings of pleasure. The abundance of dopamine results in an over stimulation to the pleasure center of the brain, producing a euphoric effect and reinforces addicts to repeat the behavior. Cocaine, which is a stimulant, has been closely compared to gambling. It also stimulates the pleasure center of the brain. Without that stimulation, the withdrawal symptoms of cocaine are similar to those associated with gambling (Henderson 57). Cocaine and other mood altering drugs can release much more dopamine than natural experiences create (Friedman 169). When your mind indulges in a reward, it is not concerned whether it originates from a substance or an experience. Occasional use of drugs, alcohol and indulgent behaviors does not necessarily lead to addiction. It is important to understand underlying factors that may contribute to addiction. Psychiatric disorders, social factors and agent factors are just a few contributors to developing addictions (Henderson 122). Psychiatric disorders often coincide with addiction, which is often referred to as a ââ¬Å"dual diagnosisâ⬠. Individuals with a psychiatric disorder such as depression or anxiety may be more prone to developing addiction problems. A survey referred to as Epidemiological Catchment Area or EPA was conducted to examine psychiatric disorders and how it correlates to addiction problems (Henderson 136). Households from several varying geographical locations participated and the results indicated individuals with psychiatric disorders were more likely to develop an addiction. Many addicts claim their addiction was the result of trying to self-medicate a psychiatric disorder. It is often difficult to determine if the psychiatric symptoms were present before the chemical addiction (Thombs 230). Results from the EPA study also concluded that a person with a substance addiction is at a higher risk of developing a psychiatric disorder (Henderson). Many people use alcohol or substances in social situations. Some individuals believe the use of a substance, such as alcohol, may sometimes improve social bonds (Coombs 232). They feel that being able to share the ââ¬Å"intoxicated feelingâ⬠with someone else helps make communication easier. The difference between recreational use and addiction occurs when people need alcohol/drugs in order to socialize (Henderson 24). The addict may associate the substance with positive social experiences, ââ¬Å"I finally felt like I could fit in and socialize. â⬠(24) Another contributor to developing addiction is the agent factors; this is the likelihood that a particular substance will be abused. Some substances are less likely to be abused, and may not be as addictive as others. Agent factors also take into consideration how the substance enters the body (Henderson 19). For example, if a substance is taken orally, the drug is usually less addictive than a drug that is injected into the vein. An inhaled substance can be more addictive than both oral and injected forms. The chosen method of use pertains to how quickly a drug reaches the brain. An inhaled substance can reach the brain in seconds, where as an injected substance will travel around the bloodstream, taking a much longer time to reach the brain. When we look at these three factors, psychiatric, social and agent, we discover that a personââ¬â¢s morality is not the reason individuals are becoming addicted. The underlying factors that lead to addictions are much more complex. ââ¬Å"Denial is a psychological defense mechanism that is found almost universally in people with addictionâ⬠(Henderson 2). Many addicts ignore detrimental consequences in order to continue using substances, or remain engaged in addictive behavioral processes. An addict may often not be able to admit they have problems, even to themselves (Berman and Siegel 57). Even when an addict is confronted by others about their addiction, the addict still fails to recognize their problem. Often an addiction may cause a person to blame their problems on someone else in an effort to divert attention away from their addiction. Custer and Milt demonstrate the power of denial by using the example of a smokerââ¬â¢s attitude towards smoking (123). A smoker is aware of the damaging effects of smoking and that it can cause heart disease, lung cancer and other severe health conditions. Research provides a vast amount of conclusive evidence supporting the negative consequences of smoking. A smokerââ¬â¢s addiction can be so strong that they choose to ignore the reality that they are exposing themselves to harmful conditions that could result in illness or death. They decide to ignore the research composed of the undisputable adverse consequences of smoking and tune out all negative information pertaining to smoking. They come up with an array of explanations as to why they should not quit smoking. Since denial is a defense mechanism imbedded in the brain, it is often difficult to admit that there is a problem. Helping addicts acknowledge their addiction is often difficult. There are several recovery methods that can be used to help overcome addiction. A few things that can help in the recovery process are medication, treatment centers, and support groups. Depending on the specific addiction, a variety of medications can be used to help alleviate withdrawal symptoms. After the initial detoxification, anxiety or depression may persist, and an antidepressant may be prescribed to treat these symptoms (Henderson 121). Frequently, non habit forming medications such as Prozac, Tofranil or Perakote may be given to soothe the recovering addict. Medications can be used to prevent relapses, to block opiate/nicotine receptors and can help the recovery process. Treatment centers can be beneficial in several aspects. They can provide medical and psychiatric assistance. Also, they can provide a structured plan for recovery with strict guidelines. Treatment centers can introduce an addict to the twelve step program, aid in preventing relapse, and can act as a gateway to support groups. Although many people may believe addiction is a moral problem the research presented in this paper disputes that argument. Instead it most commonly is a disease that originates from psychiatric disorders, social factors and agent factors. Addiction is a disease like any other disease. Although it is not always possible to predict who the disease will affect, there are shared factors that make certain people more susceptible to the disease. analasle1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/01406254038471032838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3335610522990150262.post-90674847100641421522020-03-06T03:10:00.001-08:002020-03-06T03:10:02.571-08:00Affirmative Action And Its Effects Essays - Social InequalityAffirmative Action And Its Effects Essays - Social Inequality Affirmative Action And Its Effects The roots of affirmative action can be traced back to the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act where legislation redefined public and private behavior. The act states that to discriminate in private is legal, but anything regarding business or public discrimination is illegal (Affirmative 13). There are two instances when opposing affirmative action might seem the wrong thing to do. Even these two cases don't justify the use of affirmative action. First is the nobility of the cause to help others. Second, affirmative action was a great starter for equality in the work place. The most promanite variable in deciding affirmative action as right or wrong, is whether or not society is going to treat people as groups or individuals. Affirmative action is a question of morals. The simplicity to form two morals that are both correct but conflicting is the reason for the division of our nation on affirmative action. Affirmative action is very noble when looking at who benefits from the outcom e. Take a closer look at affirmative action. The people that are involved and the damage it takes on our society surfaces many doubts. Taking a closer look also stirs up a question of nobility that needs to be answered before making a decision on affirmative action. Does affirmative action simply change who is discriminated against and makes it legal for the new discriminators? Coming from my point of view, the view of a white male, this is a serious question. One example of this came to my attention from Dave Shiflett who once worked at Rocky Mountain News wrote Rocky Mountain Hire. In this article he tells about a new hiring strategy used at the Denver news paper Rocky Mountain News. A memo was sent out stating, The job reviews of supervisors and others involved in hiring should address race and sex. Each review should have a hiring goal of at least half of our hires being women and at least half non-white (Shiflett 45). Lets put this strategy to work. We have ten positions to fil l, these positions can be filled following the above guidelines by hiring five black women. It can also be met by hiring five white women and five non-white men. Obviously to meet this goal successfully would mean to not hire a white male (Shiflett 45). I strongly disagree with my white fore fathers and society today who both address race and sex when hiring. Using a persons skin color in hiring is discrimination no matter how society looks at it. At St. Bonaventure University the potential for reverse discrimination became a reality. In May 1994, 22 faculty members were fired, all were male. The president of the university was very blunt about his motive, to protect the small number of women on the university staff (Magner 18). This was purely a discussion based on gender not qualification. No matter how efficient these men were some were fired for not being part of a certain minority. Gary A. Abraham, who was fired as a tenured associate professor stated, It seems ludicrous that t he university can rectify its failure to engage in affirmative action on the backs of its male faculty. Twelve of the men took their complaints to the US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. The commission sided with the men and are even planning to bring the university up on charges themselves (Magner 18). Giving an employer the power to discriminate only towards minorities is unfair and unethical. Now the question is who will the government protect? Society can not consider its self fair when we are still forming decisions based upon gender or race. It is not noble to protect the jobs of women at Bonaventure University simply there are not enough women on the roster. We should protect the jobs of the experienced. We can not form a new society from affirmative action and believe the rights of all United States citizens will be upheld. The whole idea behind affirmative action is to right the wrongs of the past. Well, what about the individuals that were not even born when this a trocity of discrimination was going on. Society should not punish the youth for the analasle1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/01406254038471032838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3335610522990150262.post-76494345178535461322020-02-18T18:34:00.001-08:002020-02-18T18:34:03.572-08:00How fast fashion industry impact on Chinese customer behaviour With DissertationHow fast fashion industry impact on Chinese customer behaviour With Zara case study - Dissertation Example There are two main types of research methods. One is inductive methods and another is deductive methods. In deductive research method, research is generally started from more general overview of the research topic to more specific to the hypothesis. It is often termed as top down research approach or research methodology. The researcher also implements theory related to the topic of the research and narrow it down to the specific hypothesis. Even, the researcher narrows down to more practical observations to address or test the hypotheses and then come down to conclusion of the research. Opposite to deductive research, inductive research is worked out in different way by the researchers. It is one types of back calculation or bottom up research approach. In this type of research approach, the researchers begin with a specific observation or findings and start analysing the regularities and pattern. Finally the researchers end up drawing some general conclusion about the research topi c. In this study, deductive research method has been used and therefore, the research has been started from a general overview of this research topic. 3.1 Primary Empirical Material The Primary data collection from focus group was selected for this research in order to identify the opinion and feelings of a group of a people. Zara is one of the famous fast fashion retail chains among these respondents (Chai, 2011, p.196). Moreover, the advantage of this focus group is that the data collection method will be face to face. Focus group is an effective method of qualitative research market. As the research is depending upon the customerââ¬â¢s motivation, behaviour and approaches, this qualitative method will be appropriate. Primary research has been conducted in Chinese high street markets and questions will be asked to the customers of fashion products in China. The questionnaire consists of 20 questions those were handed out to 25 respondents in a shopping mall. When respondents were identified, the researcher intended at random individuals who are aged between 15 and 30. Several conditions have been measured before the designing of questionnaire. Firstly, they should understand the questions properly; secondly, respondents should provide the appropriate information; and finally, respondents must be willing to give the information. Implementing this kind of face to face questionnaire handing out has a major advantage that response rates will be generally higher comparing to telephone interviews or mail surveys. The designed questionnaire is provided in Appendix. 3.2 Results of questionnaire There were total 25 numbers of people who participated in this method. Among them 15 were female and 10 participants were mail. A number of 10 students and 8 office workers have answered these questions. And the rests are health staff and civil servants respectively. The major target audience for the questionnaire were individuals between 15 and 30. Personal income level has an influence of spending. Most of the respondents earning were between 2000 and analasle1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/01406254038471032838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3335610522990150262.post-2562535043102797712020-02-03T23:38:00.001-08:002020-02-03T23:38:02.832-08:00OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 wordsOPERATIONS MANAGEMENT - Assignment Example Summary and conclusions 18 References & Appendices Abstract The present report explores operations management at a production and service organisations with an aim to understand its main constituents and approaches; in addition, an understanding of the differences between strategic approaches of production and service operations management has been obtained. To achieve this, firstly, the report explores corporate and operations strategies as well as competitive priorities of Toyota and Accenture. Practical implications along with critical perspectives of core operational processes like capacity planning inventory management, quality, supply chain management and performance management at both organisations have been explored. Lastly, implications of these processes at operations and strategic levels have been illustrated based on competitiveness, sustainability and innovation perspectives. 1. Introduction Operations management is concerned with managing the process of creating product s and services through systematic and defined procedures. On a broader level, different functions involved in operations management of production and service industry are almost same; but the way these functions are carried are very different. In order to understand the difference, the current discourse evaluates operations management processes in two distinct organisations, i.e. the automotive manufacturer Toyota and the management and technology service provider, Accenture. Their immense success and global presence have been possible because of sustainable operations besides other activities. This report attempts to highlight the core operational activities carried out at both the organisations and how these activities have added value to their successes. In this process, competitive priorities and critical operational strategies such as capacity planning, inventory management, supply chain management, performance management, and quality approaches have been assessed. These aspect s will clarify how these organisations attained competitive position in their respective markets; and what factors have lead to their immense success despite the external and internal challenges. 1.1 Operations management: Brown (2000) describes that Operations Management involves the most critical activities of production, beginning from and including, planning and design, production processes of goods and services, and also effective integration of marketing, finance, human resources management and strategy in order to enable a business to enter and compete with both new and existing markets. In other words, a businessââ¬â¢s success and sustainability largely depend on the operational capabilities, including efficiency and quality. These factors have been mastered by both the organisations to a large extent. Theoretically, operations management in manufacturing and service industries constitute a combination of three distinct functions, strategic functions, tactical functions a nd operational planning and control functions (Chase, 2006). Main operational processes include planning, production, purchasing or inventory management, supply chain management, distribution and marketing. Toyota and Accenture perform these processes distinctly as aligned with different competitive prior analasle1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/01406254038471032838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3335610522990150262.post-45035081755492536682020-01-26T19:59:00.001-08:002020-01-26T19:59:07.013-08:00Attitudes Towards Tourism And Hospitality Career Psychology EssayAttitudes Towards Tourism And Hospitality Career Psychology Essay To explain human behavior is a very difficult and complex task. But approaching it from different levels such as the persons attitude and perception factors and so on, sheds light to this complexity. Concepts referring to behavioral dispositions, such as social attitude, and personality trait, have played an important role in these attempts to predict and explain human behavior (Ajzen, 1998; Campbell, 1963; Sherman Fazio, 1983). This study uses the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB model) to test the influences governing undergraduates intention towards pursuing a career in the tourism industry. This study will thus explore the variables that influence a students intention to pursue a career in the hospitality industry and the factors that are implicated in or modify a students career commitment over time. The sample includes first year to forth year undergraduates studying Tourism management courses offered by The University of Mauritius. 2.1 Perceptions and attitudes towards pursuing a Tourism and Hospitality Career 2.1.0 Tourism management as a course Author (s) s Study S Variables used les used Davidson and Tideswell (1998) Considering level of student interest in the hospitality programme (Australia) Industry factors: Career prospects, Interests, See degree as a rite of passage to job and career, Entrance criteria used by institutions as a mechanism to attract students Barron and Maxwell (1993) New entrants illusory image of the industry- glamorous and unrealistic perceptions Jarvis (1994) Limited resources applied early in the education process Barron (1997) Offer for the course Good reputation of university OMahony, McWilliam and Whitelaw (2001) Reputation and availability of a particular course Hospitality course as second or third preference Accepted based on entry requirement rather than career interest Hing and Lomo (1997) Students enroll with a vague idea of their goal, their future aspirations and career opportunities (minimal commitment) Place coveted at the university, irrespective of discipline If scores were too low. Theres a chance to pursue interest and career in private hospitality colleges Purcell (1993) Career choice in high school were influenced by parents or guardians, peers or friends Cothram and Combrink, 1999; Sciarini and Wood, 1997 Parents and families were the most influential in determining students attitudes and career choice Young (1994) Parents as primary providers of encouragement Machatton (1997) Negative perceptions of parents- hospitality jobs confined to hamburger- flipping and bed making OMahony, McWilliam and Whitelaw (2001) Not rated as an important influence: Parents Teachers School counselors Peers Rated the highest: Mass media Helmes and Adcock (1992) Lack of information Lack of career knowledge Lead to creation of misconception and unwarranted negative attitudes and often associated with lack of opportunities Barron and Maxwell (1993) Information about the industry Career based on choice rather than by chance Fraser, 2000 Varying interest to work in different sectors of the hospitality industry views changed through various exposures: study programme exposure to industry 2.1.1 Tourism as a career choice Author (s) Study Variables used Ross (1991; 1993) positive attitudes towards potential careers high level of interest in management positions industry regarded as holding considerable promise for future employment and career prospects Gets (1994) unattractive option for high school students: downturn in regional economies potential for attracting youth through: internships or co-operative education between schools and industry Airey and Frontisis (1997) career support improvement in basic hospitality education Greek students positive attitudes but: Unrealistic views about careers in the industry Limited experience as hospitality consumers Employment structure in Greece Charles (1992a) Positive attitudes towards: Career in tourism industry- seen as exciting, stimulating and developing creativity Negative attitude because of potential disruptive effect on: Personal Family And social life Interest seen to be decreasing: After internship experience Barron and Maxwell (1993) Difference between perception and experience of the industry: New students hold positive views Post internship students hold negative views Expectations: Good career opportunities Good training Treatment of staff by employers Job does not demand a capacity effort Perception: Industry not lucrative Poor treatment of manual staff Warsyzak (1997) Assessment of industry becomes less positive after post work experiences Kusluvan and Kusluvan (2000) Positive attitudes changed to negative attitudes after practical work experience: Job stress Lack of family life owing to nature of the work Long working hours Exhausting and seasonal (unstable) jobs Low social status of a hospitality job Unfavorable evaluations were due to: Insufficient information about careers Limited information on working conditions West anf Jamieson (1990) Reduction in commitment after various exposures to the industry Purcell and Quinn (1996) Supervised work experience a key contributor to reduced commitment Fraser (2000) Perceptions, aspirations, expectations and career commitment steadily declined over time. Levels of commitment not based on: Sex Qualifications Levels of industry knowledge Nor prior experience But based on: Employment practices Pavesic and Byrmer (1990) Hospitality Graduates switch to another industry less than one year after graduating. Reasons: Poor pay for the hours of work Little recognition for efforts made Lack of opportunity for progress Long hours Stress at work Not receiving acknowledgement of qualifications gained. Kusluvan and Kusluvan (2000) Negative attitudes formed after internship: Stressful jobs Lack of family life owing to the nature of tourism jobs Unsatisfactory and unfair promotions Low pay Insufficient benefits Unqualified managers Poor attitudes and behavior of managers towards employees Unqualified coworkers Poor attitudes and behavior of coworkers Poor physical working conditions for employees 2.2 The Theory of Planned Behavior Ajzen developed the Theory of Planned Behavior in 1991 as an extension of Ajzen and Fishbeins 1975 Theory of Reasoned Action. The TPB has four components: attitudes (i.e. the individuals positive or negative feelings about performing a behavior), subjective norm (i.e. the individuals perception of whether people important to the individual think the behavior should be performed), perceived behavioral control (i.e. The individuals perception on the self skills and ability of performing a behavior) and behavioral intention (i.e. an individuals readiness to perform a given behavior) Ajzen stated that for nonhabituaI behaviors that are easily executed by almost everyone without special circumstances, the theory of reasoned action was adequate. When behaviors are more difficult to execute, and when a person needs to take control over needed resources in order to act, the theory of planned behavior is a better predictor of behavior than the theory of reasoned action. In the theory of planned behavior, control is taken into account as a variable labeled perceived behavioral control, which is defined as a persons perception of how easy or difficult it would be to perform the action. The theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) has been since its development some 20 years proved to be a powerful approach to explain human behavior. à The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) predicts that planned behaviors are determined by behavioral intentions which are largely influenced by an individuals attitude toward a behavior, the subjective norms encasing the execution of the behavior, and the individuals perception of their control over the behavior (Ajzen, 1975). In simpler terms, behavioural decisions are the result of a reasoned process in which the behavior is influenced by attitudes, norms and perceived behavioral control. 2.3 The Theory of Planned Behavior: Model Ajzens revised model (1991) is expressed in the diagram (figure 2) below: Figure 2: Ajzens Theory of Planned Behavior The theory of planned behavior postulates three conceptually determinants of intention. 2.4 Determinants of Behavioral Intention Attitude towards behavior Attitudes represent an individuals likes, dislikes, beliefs and opinions regarding a particular behavior. It represents a summary of evaluation of psychological object captures in attribute dimensions of good- bad, harmful- beneficial, pleasant- unpleasant, and likable- dislikable (Ajzen; 2001) Rosenberg and Hovland (1996) viewed attitude as a multi-component construct and made the following statement all responses to a stimulus object are mediated by the persons attitude towards the object. Ayres (2008) claims that traditionally there has been a career-for-life philosophy adopted by workers, whereby workers will spend their entire working life working in one industry, and, in many cases, one organization. This philosophy has in recent times, coinciding with Generation Y entering the workforce, been replaced by a more uncertain career structure, with employees frequently changing employers within their industry and many also pursuing work in different industries (Inkson, Anhur, and Pringle, 1999). Morton (2002) stated that Generation Y employees show a tendency towards valuing equality in the workplace and they seek positions that offer reasonable wages and good opportunities for training. Morton (2002) also claimed that they respect managers who empower workers and who are open and honest with employees. Martin (2005), who calls this generation Yers, describes eight main characteristics shown by Generation Y towards their careers. These eight characteristics include the Generation Y employee being self-reliant and independent, technosavvy, entrepreneurial, seeking flexibility, having an urgent sense of immediacy, wanting increasing responsibility, having a get off my back attitude and adopting a free agency attitude. Oliver (2006) claims that recent interest in the Generation Y worker has intensified in recent years, and while generalizations are plentiful, he claims that the Generation Y worker is uninterested in a job for life, instead seeking flexibility and work-life balance. Oliver (2006) states that, overall, Generation Y workers are seen to have much higher expectations of a job than previous generations, including high expectations of pay, conditions, promotion and advancement. A study conducted by Kusluvan and Kusluvan (2000) found that some of the factors that seemed to account for the negative attitudes towards careers in tourism, formed after students had undertaken a practical work assignment, are stressful jobs, lack of family life owing to the nature of the work, long working hours, exhausting and seasonal (unstable) jobs, low social status of tourism jobs, unsatisfactory and unfair promotions, low pay and insufficient benefits, unqualified managers, poor attitudes and behavior of managers towards employees, unqualified coworkers and poor attitudes and behavior of coworkers and poor physical working conditions for employees. Subjective Norms Subjective Norms is the degree to which someone wants to conform to others behavior or expectations. Usually, others are individuals (family and friends) whose preferences on a subject matter are important to him or her. This concept was introduced into theory of planned behavior to accommodate the non volitional elements inherent, at least potentially, in all behaviors (Ajzen, 2002). Although schools, peers and the students community all have an impact on the young adults self- identity and career choice, the parents expectations and perceptions of vocational fit for their children have been found to be the key roles in shaping their career choices (Ferry, 2006). In one study (Creamer and Laughlin, 2005), this influence has been so strong as to override the influence of teachers, faculty, and career field in question but were not as well- known and or trusted as to students parents for this type of decision. In an era where 49% of UK workers report that balancing work and family responsibilities is an issue of significant concern to them (IP Morgan Fleming, 2003), the influence of family and personal life and career decisions is receiving increasing amounts of media attention. Todays business school graduates are looking for a work style to go with their lifestyle, claims the HR consultancy Hay Group (The Economist, 2006). Generation X and Generation Y workers who are younger than 40, are more likely than boomers to say they put family before jobs, says an article in USA Today (Elias, 2004). Todays younger employees are working to live rather than living to work, states a newspaper manager in the journalism newsletter Fusion (Williamson, 2006). Perceived Behavioral Control Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC) refers to a persons perception of the ease or difficulty of performing a particular behavior. According to Ajzen (2002), PBC is used to deal with situations where people do not have complete volitional control (i.e. external influences) over the particular behavior in question. An employees perception to any industry will, no doubt, be determined by their commitment, perceptions, attitudes towards working in the industry as well as the types of jobs available in the industry. It is argued that this is particularly pertinent to tourism and hospitality as it has been reported that potential recruits have a negative image of working in the industry (Aksu and Koksal, 2005; Brien, 2004; Getz, 1994, Kuslavan and Kuslavan, 2000). Several researchers have also studied the perceptions of undergraduate tourism and hospitality management students. Barron and Maxwell (1993) examined the perceptions of new and continuing students at Scottish higher education institutions. They found that in general the new students had positive images of the industry, whereas the students with supervised work experience were much less positive in their views. Baron and Maxwell (19930 found significant differences between the new students perceptions of the industry compared with the students who had undertaken their industry placement. The marked differences in the perceptions of new students compared with those post placement students and graduates lie in the difference between perception and experience in the industry. West and Jameson (1990) agree and claim that the more exposure hospitality students have to the industry, the less commitment they show. 2.5 Behavioral Intention Intention is an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions; in the words of Ajzen, an indication of how hard people are willing to try, of how much effort they are willing to exert in order to perform the behavior. Therefore, the stronger the intention to engage in a behavior, the more likely should be its performance. (p. 181) TPB states that people act in accordance with their intentions and perceptions of control over their behavior, while intentions are influenced by attitudes toward the behavior, subjective norms and perceptions of behavioral control (Ajzen, 1985). Behavior Hsing (2002) defined behavior as the performance of an action at a certain time, in a certain context and with a certain purpose. Generally, the more favorable the attitude and subjective norm with respect to a behavior and the greater the perceived behavioral control; the stronger an individuals intention should be to perform the behavior under consideration (Ajzen, 1991). However based on varying behaviors and situation, the relative importance of attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control is expected to be different. 2.6 Indicators of Behavioral Intention For the TPB to predict behaviour successfully or for maximum prediction, intention must be measured as closely as possible in time to the observation of the behaviour. The longer the interval between measurement of intention and behaviour, the greater the likelihood that an unforeseen event will occur that will lead to changes in intention and be less predictive of actual behaviour. Nevertheless, this study is not working on actual behaviour, but rather on attitudes and beliefs about the behaviour of choosing a particular career. 2.6.0 Indicators of Attitude towards behavior Thus, to measure student attitudes toward behaviour, which in this context meant choosing the programme and direction, or intention to seek a career in hospitality, questions were constructed in such a way so as to shed light on the attitude and beliefs of the undergraduates: I expect this course will only qualify me to do a specialised job in the hospitality industry I am still keen to work in the industry as when I first chose this training programme I am very satisfied with my choice of a career in hospitality I am committed to a career in hospitality 2.6.1 Indicators of Subjective Norms A second major predictor of intention in this study is the influence of important people in an individual students life as encouragement and support to perform the behaviour intention. Subjective Norm refers to a favourable or unfavourable student perception of social pressure and the relative importance of different sources of social influence on their intention (decision) to choose a programme and hospitality career. Such social influence might come from immediate family members, peers and friends, teachers and other individual and groups. As stated by Ajzen and Fishbein (1980) an individual will perform or operationalise their behaviours that they perceive as favoured by other people who are important to them. In the present study, there were items used to obtain a direct measure of students perception of significant others and the degree to which they influenced the decision to take a tourism management course. Questions which relate to parents, friends, brothers and sisters and school teachers were constructed to indicate how strongly they agreed or disagreed with such statements. Such questions were: My parents encouraged me to study hospitality My school teachers and counsellors encouraged me to study hospitality My brothers / sisters encouraged me to study hospitality However, according to Ajzen and Fishbein (1980) any relationship between the respondents and the referent (s) will be more or less stable over time. To assess the actual career influencer parallel to those of the students intention, an open ended question was asked: Who was the most influential individual who influenced your choice of a hospitality career? 2.7 Empirical Evidence 2.8 Conclusion analasle1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/01406254038471032838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3335610522990150262.post-61425913536557413382020-01-18T16:23:00.001-08:002020-01-18T16:23:04.662-08:00Smoking In Pregnancy And Childbirth Health And Social Care EssayHarmonizing to Fink ( 1998, pp.3 ) the literature reappraisal procedure can be termed as ââ¬Å" a systematic method for placing, measuring and construing the work produced by research workers, bookmans and practicians â⬠. Government Policy on smoke in gestation and after childbearing: There are three of import policies made by the British authorities in related to smoking in gestation foremost is kids ââ¬Ës wellness and good being, than malignant neoplastic disease bar and the decrease of wellness inequalities. To back up this policies there are assorted different policy paperss like Every Child Matter ( HM Government, 2004 ) , Maternity Matters: Choice, entree and continuity of attention in a safe service ( DH, 2007a ) , the Cancer Reform Strategy ( DH, 2007b ) , Health Inequalities: advancement and following stairss ( DH, 2008 ) , Smoking Kills ( DH, 1998 ) and the Implementation Plan for cut downing wellness inequalities in infant mortality: a good pattern usher ( DH, 2007c ) . In add-on to damaging the wellness of the female parent, antenatal smoke is associated systematically with a figure of complications during gestation ( Castles et al, 1999 ) and several possible conditions impacting the baby ( Cnattingius, 2004 ) . Smoking rate among pregnant adult females in the UK was 23 % in the twelvemonth of 1995, it declined to 19 % in 2000 and farther declined to 17 % in 2005 ( Baxter et al, 2005 ) . But RCM has noted an addition in gestation smoke rates since 2005 ( Baxter et al, 2009 ) . It is estimated that around 17 % and 23 % of pregnant adult females are estimated to smoke throughout gestation in the United Kingdome ( Owen et al, 1998 ) . It is of import that cost effectual intercessions are developed and disseminated so that smoking-related wellness complications can be avoided. While face to confront smoking surcease behavioral support is by and large available for pregnant tobacco users, attending rates are really low ( Taylor et al, 2001 ) . In instance when the pregnant adult females are non able to go to face to confront smoking surcease behavioral support the option is self aid intercessions ( Ussher et al, 2005 ) . Self aid intercessions are peculiarly of import due to their low cost and they can make wider group of population. Giving pregnant adult females brochures incorporating information of jeopardies of smoke is one of the common signifier, but they can besides include picture, telephone and computing machine based systems. A recent Cochrane reappraisal concluded that, compared with having no stuffs, self help stuffs on their ain addition surcease rates merely marginally among non pregnant tobacco users ( Lancaster and Stead, 2005 ) . Tailored ego aid stuffs were found to be increasing the quitting rates compared to standard stuffs used for intercession ( Lumley et al, 2004 ) . Tailoring is the usage of participant features to individualize intercession stuffs and is believed to be effectual because it increases the relevancy of the information to the person and heed to the message ( Dijkstra and De Vries, 1999 ) . Self aid stuffs are common constituents in behaviour intercessions for pregnant tobacco users and are considered to be of import to cessation reding aid to pregnant adult females tobacco users to discontinue smoke ( Ussher et al, 2004 ) . However it is ill-defined whether ego aid intercessions on their ain can increase discontinuing among pregnant tobacco users. Several reappraisals have confirmed that intercessions promotion smoking surcease during gestation can cut down smoking rates significantly ( Kelley et al, 2001 ; Lumley et Al, 2004 ; Mullen et Al, 1999 ) . Lumbley et Al ââ¬Ës ( 2005 ) reappraisal largest in this country to day of the month included tests supplying a assortment of surcease intercessions, including self aid stuffs, reding techniques, fiscal inducements and nicotine replacing therapy. Lumbley et Al ââ¬Ës ( 2004 ) indicated that hazard of smoking in late gestation was lower among intercession groups than usual attention groups. They besides found that intercessions of greater denseness determined by personal contact, added small benefit. Kelley et Al ( 2001 ) reported that the degree of reding provided within an intercession was non associated with efficaciousness. Sing the possible benefits of ego aid intercessions it is of import to find whether they can be effectual on their ain in mark group.Inclusion/Exclusion:As an ethical bookman my inclusion and exclusion standards explains my attack towards choosing a proper literature for my attack. As a pupil of Northumbria University my first attack was to travel through the diaries available on NORA. There was plenty data available on NORA for research articles related to my subject. I besides tried to get quality resources from other hunt engines every bit good. I searched through Cochrane library to acquire good reappraisal articles on my research subject.Search Engine:I used Nora, Wiley Inter scientific discipline, The Cochrane library, British diary of Psychology, Official site of Elsevier publication which enabled me to entree articles through scientific discipline direct, PubMed, CINAHL etc. I used my university login wherever required for the entree of articles. This hunt engines are choice assured and supply entree to high quality of international resources.Search footings:Four chief databases were searched through MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Science Direct. Sear was done utilizing combination of keywords like ââ¬Ësmok* ââ¬Ë , ââ¬Ëtobacco ââ¬Ë , ââ¬Ëpregn* ââ¬Ë , ââ¬Ëcessation ââ¬Ë , ââ¬Ëself help intercessions ââ¬Ë , ââ¬Ëquit* ââ¬Ë and other proper equivalent word. A computerized electronic hunt was performed to place relevant articles. The hunt was conducted on Medline [ Jan 1997 to November 2010 ] , Embase [ Jan 1997 to November 2010 ] , CINAHL [ Jan 1997 to November 2010 ] , ScienceDirect [ Jan 1997 to November 2010 ] and PubMed [ Jan 1997 to November 2010 ] . PICO method was used to seek cardinal words to govern out the articles in each database. PICO is a method of hunt scheme that allows taking a more grounds based attack to literature seeking in database like CINAHL, ScienceDirect, etc ( Schardt et al. , 2007 ) . Electronic seeking yielded 1010 relevant articles of which 725 were extras and after testing of the commendation or mention 285 articles were published one. Based on the survey criteria 11 articles were related to self aid intercessions. 3 articles were eliminated due to type of qualitative or prospective survey. 4 articles were good, they were run intoing my inclusion exclusion standards but I was non able to entree them as they were paid articles. Finally, 8 to the full published articles were included in this assessment.Surveies included in Quantitative Synthesis ( narrative analysis )( n= 8 )Records excluded( n= 274 )Full articles excluded with grounds ( n= 3 )One article was related to cohort surveyOne article was related to assorted methodsOne article was related to pilot surveyFull articles accessed after eligibility( n= 11 )Records screened( n= 285 )Records after extras were removed( n= 725 )Records identified through database searchingMedline ( n= 127 )Embase ( n= 85 )PubMed ( n= 137 )CINAHL ( n= 225 )ScienceDirect ( n= 436 )Entire ( n= 1010 )Figure: Flow Chart of Systematic Appraisal Inclusion and ExclusionPICO Method:Population: Pregnant adult females smoking during gestation Intervention: Tests were considered if at least one of the experimental weaponries met the ego aid definition. The definition used based on Lancaster & A ; Stead ââ¬Ës ( 2005 ) defines self aid as the proviso of structured stuffs that assist the person in doing quit effort and prolonging abstention without important aid from a wellness professional or group support. Comparison: Comparison was done between different intercessions. Usual attention given to pregnant tobacco users during their ante natal attention was compared with ego aid intercessions. Besides usual attention was compared with picture based and brochures intercession. Result: Smoke results were accessed either in 2nd or during the 3rd trimester. The tests besides determined the smoke position either during late gestation or postpartum ( Moore et Al, 2002 ) .Features of Included surveies [ Ordered by Study Id ] :Aveyard et Al ( 2006 )State Focus of Study United kingdom To analyze whether, as predicted by the Transtheoretical Model of behaviour alteration ( TTM ) phase matched intercessions are more effectual than stage- mismatched intercessions in smoking surcease intercessions with pregnant adult females. Study Design RCT ââ¬â matter-of-fact three armed test. Participant, Recruitment and Sampling Methodology Participants were 918 pregnant tobacco users drawn from 16 of 19 obstetrics antenatal services in the West Midlands. Arm 1: n= 289 Arm two: n=305 Arm three: n=324 Intervention Arm 1: Standard obstetrics advice to halt smoke and a self-help cusp appropriate for adult females in the readying phase. Midwifes received no extra preparation except in survey protocol. Arm Two: TTM based arm. Womans were been seen by accoucheuses with 2.5 yearss specialist preparation, 2 of these yearss on TTM. Women received a TTM based self-help brochure and received four Sessionss of behavioral reding from the accoucheuses ( three during gestation and one 10 yearss post partum ) Arm Three: TTM based arm. Womans were been seen by accoucheuses with 2.5 yearss developing as in arm 1. Intervention was the same as arm two, with the add-on of a computing machine based surcease intercession used on the four juncture ââ¬Ës of the accoucheuses visit. Result Measures Pregnant adult females in weaponries two and three ( TTM- based ) were significantly more likely to travel frontward in phase of alteration than adult females in the control arm. Consequences Overall, the TTM-based intercession produced some motion in adult females ââ¬Ës preparedness to discontinue but it was hard to construe this determination as the TTM intercessions were besides more intensive. The writers concluded that TTM had small cogency in explicating smoking surcease behavior during gestation.Cinciripini et Al ( 2000 )State Focus of Study United states An rating of videotaped sketchs for smoking surcease and backsliding bar during gestation. Study Design Randomised Controlled Tests. Participant, Recruitment and Sampling Methodology A sum of 146 adult females were screened for the survey. Sixty four adult females failed to run into the inclusion standards for the test ( & gt ; 18 old ages of age, smoke & gt ; 3 coffin nails per twenty-four hours, less than 30 hebdomads pregnant, have a on the job VCR, be willing to put a quit day of the month within two hebdomads of showing, and non involved in any other formal smoke surcease plan ) . 82 adult females participants were indiscriminately assigned. Intervention Usual attention ( UC ) ( N= 40 ) and UC plus picture ( UCV ) ( N= 42 ) groups. All participants continued to have the usual prenatal attention provided by their primary doctor, plus survey stuffs as described below. All intercession stuffs were provided through the mail, after participants had undergone a telephone testing for inclusion. All follow ups were besides conducted by telephone. Result Measures Abstinence was observed between the two groups. Abstinence studies were measured by salivary cotinine values. Consequences Seven twenty-four hours point prevalence abstention informations did non demo any significance consequences. At the terminal of quit day of the month the abstention rate was 10 % in control group and 3 % in experimental group. At the terminal of intervention the abstention rate was 12 % in control group and 7.5 % in experimental group. Decision The present sample size may be unequal to pull any ià ¬?rm decisions sing the differential effectivity of the picture intercession.Ershoff et Al ( 1999 )State Focus of Study United states The effectivity of low-priced smoke intercessions targeted to pregnant adult females has been demonstrated, although few additions in absolute surcease rates have been reported in the past decennary. Under conditions of typical clinical pattern, this survey examined whether results achieved with brief reding from antenatal attention suppliers and a self-help brochure could be improved by adding more resource-intensive cognitive-behavioural plans. Study Design Randomised Controlled Trial Participant, Recruitment and Sampling Methodology Womans 18 old ages of age or older who self-reported to be active tobacco users at their initial antenatal assignment. 131 adult females were randomised. Control group: 111 participants. Experimental Group: 120 participants. Intervention Participants were randomized to one of three groups: ( 1 ) a self-help brochure tailored smoke forms, phase of alteration, and life style of pregnant tobacco users ; ( 2 ) the brochure plus entree to a computerized telephone surcease plan based on synergistic voice response engineering ; or ( 3 ) the brochure plus proactive telephone reding from nurse pedagogues utilizing motivational interviewing techniques and schemes. Result Measures Biochemically conià ¬?rmed abstention measured by degree of cotinine in urine samples obtained during a everyday antenatal visit at about the 34th hebdomad of gestation. Consequences Twenty per centum of participants were conià ¬?rmed as abstainer with no signiià ¬?cant differences found between intercession groups. Cessation rates in heavy tobacco users were less in all intercession groups. Decision Neither a computerized telephone surcease plan nor systematic proviso of motivational guidance improved surcease rates over a trim self-help brochure delivered within the context of brief advice from antenatal suppliers.Gielen et Al ( 1997 )State Focus of Study United states Evaluation of a smoke surcease intercession for pregnant adult females in an urban prenatal clinic. Study Design Randomized controlled tests. Participant, Recruitment and Sampling Methodology 391 tobacco users were indiscriminately assigned in two groups. Control group: 198 participants. Experimental group: 193 participants. Intervention Experimental group received usual information with a prenatal and station partum information. Control group received merely usual information. The intercession consisted of single accomplishments direction and guidance by a equal wellness counselor on the usage of a self-help surcease usher and everyday clinic support. Result Measures It was measured by smoking surcease confirmed by cotinine measuring. Significant decrease in smoke was besides considered as an result step. Smoking forms were besides considered Consequences Among the Experimental group ( n = 193 ) , 6.2 % were cotinine confirmed quitters at 3rd trimester and among the C group ( n = 198 ) the quit rate was 5.6 % . Decision No important differences were found in the two groups.Lawrence et Al ( 2002 )State Focus of Study United kingdom To measure the effectivity in assisting pregnant adult females stop smoke of two intercessions ( Pro-Change for a healthy gestation ) based on the Trans theoretical theoretical account of behaviour alteration ( TTM ) compared to current criterion attention Study Design Cluster randomised survey. Participant, Recruitment and Sampling Methodology 494 pregnant tobacco users participated. Control group: 243 participants. Experimental group: 251 participants. Intervention Arm 1 for standard attention. Second arm for TTM based ego aid manuals. Third arm for TTM based ego aid manuals plus session with an synergistic computing machine plan giving individualized smoke surcease advice. Result Measures Biochemically confirmed smoke surcease for 10 hebdomads and point prevalence abstention, both measured at 30 hebdomads of gestation and 10 yearss after bringing. Consequences There were little differences between the TTM weaponries. Uniting the two weaponries, the odds ratios at 30 hebdomads were 2.09 ( 95 % assurance interval ( CI ) 0.90 to 4.85 ) for 10 hebdomad sustained abstention and 2.92 ( 95 % CI 1.42 to 6.03 ) for point prevalence abstention relation to controls. At 10 yearss after bringing, the odds ratios were 2.81 ( 95 % CI 1.11 to 7.13 ) and 1.85 ( 95 % CI 1.00 to 3.41 ) for 10 hebdomad and point prevalence abstention severally. Decision Borderline important addition in discontinuing in the combined intercession weaponries.Moore et Al ( 2002 )State Focus of Study United kingdom To measure the effectivity of a ego aid attack to smoking surcease in gestation. Study Design Randomised controlled test. Participant, Recruitment and Sampling Methodology 1572 pregnant tobacco users Control Group: 757 participants. Experimental group: 678 participants. Intervention A series of 5 brochures given to pregnant adult females on different phases of gestation Result Measures Validation of smoke by measuring of cotinine at the terminal of 2nd trimester. Self reported smoke position. Consequences Smoking surcease rates were low when cotinine measuring was done. The rates were 18.8 % in intercession group and 20.7 % in normal attention group. Self reported smoking surcease rates were high. The rates were 29.1 % in intercession group and 25.6 % in Normal attention group. Decision Self Help Intervention was utile but non so effectual during prenatal attention. There needs to a more intensive and tailored made intercession be made for good consequences.Natan et Al ( 2010 )State Focus of Study Israel To look into factors impacting adult females ââ¬Ës purpose to smoke during gestation. Study Design Cross sectional survey. Participant, Recruitment and Sampling Methodology Pregnant adult females aged between 19-26 old ages 201 participants enrolled in the survey. Intervention Theory of planned behavior. Result Measures Self reported smoke position. Consequences Behavioural attitudes, subjective norms and sensed behavioral control were found to foretell adult females ââ¬Ës purpose to smoke during gestation. Decision Nursing intercessions guided by the TPB may be helpful to assist adult females discontinue smoke in gestation.Strecher et Al ( 2000 )State Focus of Study United states Quit for supports: tailored smoke surcease ushers for gestation and beyond Study Design Randomised controlled test Participant, Recruitment and Sampling Methodology 173 pregnant tobacco users. 88 topics were enrolled as experimental topics, they received trim smoke surcease messages through mail, one after each antenatal visit. 85 topics in control group received a quit smoke brochure and no other stuffs. Intervention The experimental group was given trim messages after each antenatal visit. They were given manus held computing machine and were advised to make full up abruptly follow up interview. Urine samples were collected at the pre natal visits. The control group were merely given merely discontinue smoking brochures. Result Measures It was measured by the interview signifiers filled by the pregnant adult females. Consequences Rate of surcease in control group was 14 % as compared to experimental group was 15 % . There was no important difference in smoking surcease rates. Decision Tailored message produced no alterations in the smoke behavior of the topics. analasle1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/01406254038471032838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3335610522990150262.post-6824709015951471692020-01-10T12:47:00.001-08:002020-01-10T12:47:03.569-08:00Type of Mass MediaType of mass media Mass media are media, which can be used to communicate and interact with a large number of audiences. Be it the pictorial messages of the early ages, or the high-technology media that are available today, one thing that we all agree upon, is that mass media are an inseparable part of our lives. Entertainment and media always go hand in hand, but in addition to the entertainment, mass media also remain to be an effective medium for communication, dissemination of information, advertising, marketing and in general, for expressing and sharing views, opinions and ideas.Mass media is a double-edged sword which means that there areà positive effects of the mediaà as well asà negative influences of media. The print media includes newspapers, magazines, brochures, newsletters, books and even leaflets and pamphlets. Visual media like photography can also be mentioned under this sub-head, since photography is an important mass media, which communicates via visual repre sentations. Although, it is said that the electronic or new media have replaced the print media, there exists a majority of audiences who prefer the print media for various communication purposes.Public speaking and event organizing can also be considered as a form of mass media. Apart from that, electronic media to many people, it is impossible to imagine a life without their television sets, be it the daily news dose or even the soap operas. This mass media includes television and radio. This category also includes electronic media like movies, CDs and DVDs as well as the new hottest electronic gadgets. While new-age media, with the advent of new technologies like Internet, we are now enjoying the benefits of high technology mass media, which is not only faster than the old-school mass media, but also has a widespread range.Mobile phones, computers and Internet are often referred to as the new-age media. Internet has opened up several new opportunities for mass communication which include email, websites, blogging, Internet , television and many other mass media which are booming today. How does the modern mass media generate an influence on the society? Therefore, we must understand that mass media in statistics show that there are few things which impact the human mind more than mass media. The advice of teachers, parents and relatives may fall on deaf ears, but the mass media holds us all spellbound!At this point, it becomes necessary to define this concept. It may be defined as any form of communication which is meted out to the people at large, through the various forms of communication. What modes of communication are we talking about? Well there can be no static definition for the channels of mass communication as they are increasing all the time. But any form of communication which is seen and understood by a large mass of people can be taken to mean mass communication or media channels. Mass media holds a kind of mystique in the minds of the people. It is because the communication is designed in such a way that it appeals to a larger demographic segment. The test of a good mass communication marketing drive is to see if it gets the people talking. If it does, then not only does it mean that the advertising drive has been successful, but the organization in charge of the mass communication is also getting publicity by the word-of-mouth channel. PRINT MEDIA Print media includes many different ways in which an advertiser can reach a target group. Here are some of the different types of print media.The modern advertising techniques make use of many ways to convey messages to the consumers. Print media however, is one of the oldest forms of advertising methods. Print media also remains to be one of the most popular forms of advertising because it can reach a wider target audience. There are various different types of print media, which help advertisers to target a particular segment of people. Here's a quick look at some of the vari ous types of print media. Next, newspapers are the most popular forms of print media. The advertiser in this case can choose from a daily newspaper to a weekly tabloid.Different types of newspaper cater to various audiences and one can select the particular category accordingly. Advertisers then design press advertisements where in the size is decided as per the budget of the client. Content in newspapers will slightly differ to that in magazines, tabloids and newsletters. These mediums serve the purpose of showcasing advertisements, news or entertainment related information to audiences. Newspapers are a worldwide medium, that have been around far back to Julius Caesar's time, in the form of government bulletins.With the industrial revolution, newspaper were made possible to print and were used as a means of communicating in the year 1814, which kick started journalism. Country of Origin| Year of Publication| Name of Newspaper| Germany| 1609| Avisa| France| 1631| La Gazette (origin al name ââ¬â Gazette de France)| Portugal, Lisbon| 1645| A Gazeta| Krakow, Poland| 1661| Merkuriusz Polski Ordynaryjny| Haarlem, The Netherlands| 1656| Opregte Haarlemsche Courant| England| 1702| The Daily Courant| Inception of Some Newspaper Publications WorldwideThis table traces some countries, with their first publications that started off the newspaper era. Besides that, magazines also offer advertisers an opportunity to incorporate various new techniques and ideas. Magazines are one such form of print media that give a more specific target group to the client. The client can make a choice of the particular magazine as per the product. Morover, newsletters also form an important part of print media. These target a specific group of audience and give information on the product. Furthermore, brochures also give detailed information about the product.These are mainly distributed at events or even at the main outlet when a consumer needs to read in detail about the product. Pos ters are forms of outdoor advertising. The message in a poster has to be brief and eye-catching as it targets a person on the move. Apart from these media, direct mail marketing, flyers, handbills or leaflets, banner advertising, billboard advertising, press releases are also various types of print media. RADIO Radio is a fascinating medium among the various mass communication media because of its special characteristics.It continues to be as relevant and potent as it was in the early years despite the emergence of more glamorous media. It is a saying that in the first phase of broadcasting spanning three decades from the early twenties, radio reigned alone or was the dominant player. Similarity, radio is a scientific device that functions as an effective auditory instrument for communication. It also plays an important role in education. It is not only informs, but also inspires human being for learning more and more.It is not only includes values and virtues, but also creates atti tudes, interests and appreciation of human life. It can cover a very wide area at the same time. Radio has immense values, particularly in a developing country like India where constraints of finance, efficient teachers, suitable equipment and appliances adversely affect educational planning and administration. Besides that, radio is to play a significant part in expansion as well as qualitative improvement of education. There are some inaccessible areas in our country where expansion of education has faced difficulties.To a large number of socially disadvantaged children, education is neither meaningful nor interesting. Radio served hugely the human instinct to know about events taking place around him and at distant lands. No fairy tales, but the radio brought news from across the oceans and from inland without distinction. A regular listener of radio news would get an impression as the whole world has shrunk a feeling which print media would never had thought in around 400 years before the invention of the radio. Besdies, the news aired regularly from different stations were followed by views and a much spicy discussion mong experts to generate more interest in events from social and political life. The announcements about weather, and trains or flights schedule has been an added advantage to radio listeners. There has been a growing awareness about the inadequacy of the traditional or formal system of education not only for expansion, but also for improving the standards of education. The need for alternative mass-media is gradually felt along- with non-formal system of education. It is a matter of fact that radio is an important instrument to foster the sense of unity and integrity among the people.The cultural programmes, debates, talks, through broadcasts involve a strong desire among the people to know each and other's culture and values. In order to promote a sense of understanding and unity among people it is an inexpensive, but potential communicati on medium reaching all levels of people. So its role for national/emotional integration and international understanding is praise-worthy. Entertainment is an important aspect of human life. Radio is the most popular mass medium through which leisure is carefully utilized through song, drama and other cultural, programmes.It also provides information about various popular hobbies and leisure time activities. It gives happiness and joy through various programme. As already mentioned, radio brought a unique entertainment opportunities to people, especially for those who could not afford the luxury of visiting places where entertainment was available only to the rich. With a radio set by their side, common people could also enjoy music and stayed informed about events as ordinary as a street robbery to change of governments and tug of war among political rivals to availability of commodities in the market.But it was the entertainment which made the radio popular on first instance. Very soon the entertainment started moving in other areas than music. Comedy shows, gossip chat and answering letters from listeners made people crazy about radio enjoyments. Vocational information about production and consumption practices in industry and agriculture, use of manures and highbred seed, employment news are broadcast by Radio. Programmes regarding self-employment and talks by skilled people ensure better understanding among people for economic prosperity.Furthermore , radio opened gates of jobs never known before. To become a broadcaster with a radio station was considered to have a prestigious job in the early days of radio. It still is. The news-readers, copy writers, playwright for radio dramas, anchors for different discussion shows, musicians, recording engineers and a range of technical jobs came about so quickly that colleges and universities had to run degree programs to meet the requirement of radio stations to employee staff in its various sections.Apart from the above matters radio also inculcates scientific temper among people, helps to enjoy the cultural activities and eradicates social superstitions and age-old dogmas. The role of radio in shaping the society and providing information and education is significant. Educational broadcasting is also useful for improving education and for enrichment purposes. The radio marked a turning point, in the way information was conveyed or transferred, because it used sound to capture the attention of audiences.Being the first communications medium that could transfer or transmit live voices over long distances, radio was and still is one of the most effective medium. People depended and still depend upon it as a source of important news, and information. The importance and optimum use of radio as a mass media was nowhere more evident than in World War 1. Radio was used to send diplomatic messages when Germany found out the British had tapped its cables. It made itself a medium that audiences found as their connection to all that happened worldwide.If they ever knew that television and the Internet, would take the world by storm in this day and age, they'd be blown away by how we're advancing, and still in the running to make it bigger and better. We cannot deny that radio itself is an exclusive medium of the sound. It is an aural or auditory medium, a medium of the ear. There are three major elements of a radio broadcast: spoken-word, music and sound effects. They are all sounds carried on the air waves to the listener. T o be acceptable, all these sounds must be pleasant and expressive for the ears.They must be artistically integrated or mixed to provoke the imagination of the listener, otherwise, the intention of the broadcast would be defeated. Radio proved far more effective in mass communication as compared to the print media. The property of radio which did not require transportation of the message drew immense attention of common people and investors in the field of ma ss media. Once the radio technology was recognized as an effective means of communication, there was a race among companies and individuals to have their own radio facility. TELEVISIONTelevision is now playing a very important role in our lives. Television is not only a convenient source of entertainment, but also a comparative cheap one. Television keeps us informed about current events. It allows us to follow the latest developments in science and politics. It also offers an endless series of programs that are both instructive and entertaining. Many television programs introduce people to things they never thought of before and have never heard of before. Television series have done a great job in popularizing many literary masterpieces.Besides, television has been good company to those who do not work, like housewives and lonely old people. The progression of television has come a long way from black and white and color TV to plasma and LCD TVs. The advent of this ever-changing m edium started in the late 1930s, for entertainment and news purposes initially. Now, we have advertising, that has been incorporated into entertainment and news, to give viewers a chance to avail from products/services. There's also a new way of accessing the Internet, by using a ââ¬ËWeb TV' that is hooked up instead of a PC, to browse information, and watch streaming videos on large LCD screens.After production of the TV program, a news channel has to make it available to the market, for those who are interested in viewing it. These programs can be talk shows, cooking shows, serials, movies and so on. There are two ways that is done. First/OriginalRun Once a program is completed by the producer, of either multiple or a single episode/s, he/she then wants a network or station to view it to audiences. These networks/TV stations already pay for the production themselves, or license a producer to do it instead before it is viewed to the people.Broadcast Syndication This is when seco ndary runs of a program, which go beyond its original first issue run, is again broadcast in other countries/locally and isn't necessarily managed by the producer. In this case other TV stations, individuals or companies involve themselves in selling the product to available markets that they are allowed to showcase it to, usually under contract basis in some cases from the copyright holders/producers. With television people are still free to enjoy other ââ¬Å"civilized pleasuresâ⬠, or even more.There are a considerable variety of programs on television. The viewer is always free to choose whatever he wants to see. Furthermore, television provides enormous possibilities for education, like school programs via closed-circuit television as well as special broadcasts for those in a TV University or Open University. It also offers specialized subjects like language teaching, sewing, cooking, painting, cosmetics. Television does the job of education in the broadest sense. Instructi ve programs achieve their goal through entertaining the viewers.Moreover, television provides an outlet for creative talents and people all around the world are no longer distant and isolated from each other. It brings most distant countries and the strangest customs right into your living room. Compared with radio, everything on television is more lifelike, vivid, and real. Television may be a vital factor in holding a family together. Especially where there are economic problems that cause the husband and wife to be at a breaking point. There is no denying that television keeps people informed about the government and its programs .It also keeps people informed news and weather too. In addition , it ask people to be aware of certain disasters like floods, winds. In the case of serious problems television tells people what to do. Therefore, people can be taught about safety through television. On the other hand, television is an audio-visual and sophisticated scientific device. It telecasts programmes from far and wide areas of the country and abroad. It has an important role to play for entertainment and education of people all over the world. Environment pollution and ecological imbalances have challenged the life on the earth in modern times.Rapid population growth, urbanization problem of drain, huge stock of garbage, deforestation, evacuation of sarcastic gases from industry and automobiles are some of the reason of environment pollution. Necessity of clear environment for health and hygiene, needy of sanitation information about birth control devices are to be taught to mass through different programme. General awareness about the environment and its problems are raised through TV programmes. Socio-Political and Cultural achievement of the country described through different programmes to foster the sense of brotherhood among the people of different caste, creed and sex.Changing social systems, cultural and political issues are also brought for discussi on and debate and exhibition on cultural exchange and political reviews are necessary for preservation of cultural values. Televisions another function is to provide entertainment to people through the programmes like Cinema, Serial, and Sports. Its role as an important communication medium is noteworthy for promoting national unity, developing economy and refining socio-cultural life of people. Its great contribution to humanity is education through different programmes.In short, we can never hide from the truth that television is very significant in our lives these days. It is very hard to imagine life without TV. It brings us together with some other cultures in other countries. It offers unending entertainment scenes and important information about life. It will still remain as a great medium of information that will still affect the people's lives in the future generations. Internet Internet technology has paved the way to revolutionize all that we thought was either hidden or inaccessible.From the different types of media, the history of the Internet can be termed to be, by far, man's greatest innovation story. The Internet has made it possible to contact others worldwide, nationally and locally; to send emails and be a part of chat rooms and conferences; blogging with discussion boards, opinion polls and forums; webcam viewing; global mapping using ââ¬ËGoogle Earth' , sending and receiving images and files, downloading from the Internet through websites, signing up to a social networking websites, radio stations with live streaming , video streaming and lots more.It has stomped out conventional norms, with every teenager, adult and senior owning either a laptop or PC today. News can also be viewed via satellite with reporters covering events on site and sending it via the Internet to broadcasting news networks. It's an amalgamation of uses, that is above all user-friendly and hi-tech. Using radio waves and frequency, not to mention satellite transmis sions ââ¬â we are able to access a whole new domain when it comes down to getting what we want and need within minutes.The Internet revolution has made it easier for people to get in touch, fuel business, make profits, shop and access free information from any Internet access enabled device. It is truly a technology that speaks for itself. The internet is a medium with which we can view information from anywhere in the world. Documents from the World Wide Web and various other services such as instant chat, email are available through the internet. Most of the time, everyone thinks that the internet and the W3 are the same, however this is not true. The internet is a network of cables, which allow users to access information of various sorts.The data is transmitted through the Internet Protocol, which is known as the IP. Each computer will have a separate identity when it comes to the use of the internet. Though the internet was available, it only became a household word in the year 1996. But at the beginning, the use of the internet was very expensive. Most of the users went to public centers to use the internet for a high price per hour. As the use became more popular, there was an increase in the speed of the internet and also decrease in cost. Networks were planned, and looking at the money, many service providers entered the market.They made it very simple for all users, and the use of the internet became very cheap. Everyone at home could afford to get a connection, and now most users will have unlimited access as well. This has made it possible for many people to benefit. Those who are unable to go out may get opportunities to work from home. Various other doors have been opened to the average human, and everyone has taken advantage of the creation. Almost every individual uses the internet where it is available, irrespective of age groups. This medium caters to the needs for all age groups. The internet has made a lot of activities very easy.The me dium is used for almost all purposes, even with important issues such as education and government organizations. It has come a long way from the use with only scientific organizations and institutes etc. There was a phenomenal growth in the years 1996 and 1997. The growth for the internet has been at around hundred percent per year. Majority of the users use the English language for the internet, as computer development happened in America in all stages. There are other languages as well, such as French, German, Chinese and Arabic. Internet has also made life easy because we can view through various means.The internet has been improved through time; it took many years of improving to become what people know it today. The internet has affected people's lives in different ways, but unfortunately some people use this easy and fast technology to do unacceptable things. Internet helps individuals in communications because it is fast and effective. And that's why organizations started to use this technology to provide information about their activities and open the door for easy and fast communications with individuals. However, it is not correct that all changes in values caused by the internet are negative.People must think about what positive changes that internet could make. The Internet actually embodies high and strong values from which it derives an almostà irresistible strength. These include physical values such as speed, timeliness, efficiencyà and productivity. The government uses the internet in something called the ââ¬Å"E-governmentâ⬠. The E-government ââ¬Å"is a general term describing the use of technologies to facilitate the operation of government and the disbursement of government information and servicesâ⬠. By using the E-government, people can reach the government more easily and quickly.It also can be used to provide information for citizens; citizens are able to read information in the time and place they want. If a citizen w ants to send an application or a document for a certain purpose, he can do it easily and quickly with the E-government technologies (E-government). Despite all the negativities of the internet, the benefits of using it are much greater than the harms. The society was affected by internet, and internet will keep affecting society and its values always. Maybe one day all the society activities will be managed by the internet. TELEGRAPHA telegraph is any system that transmits encoded information by signal across a distance. Although it is associated with sending messages via an electric current, the word telegraph was coined to describe an optical system of sending coded messages. From its invention until the telephoneà became a viable system, the telegraph was the standard means of communicating both between and within metropolitan areas in bothà Europeà and the United States. Telegrams and telexes used telegraphy but are rapidly being replaced by facsimile (fax) transmissions through telephone lines.Satelliteà transmission and high-frequency radio bands are used for international telegraphy. The telegraph was the result of a slew of inventions from all over the world. Many are unaware of the fact that the telegraph actually ââ¬Å"preceded the railroad in forging extra local and interregional links. The reason for this was that the telegraph was used primarily for business reasons. Prior to the creation and distribution of the telegraph, America experienced a ââ¬Å"business revolution. As the business demand grew, there was a drift towards a ââ¬Å"natural monopolyâ⬠of the telegraph industry.This monopoly allowed the major telegraph firms to increase the prices of the telegraph which undoubtedly prevented many people in society from using this invention for private and personal reasons. In fact, the public could not afford to pay the high costs but telegraph companies knew business firms could, so they did not use the telegraph as a means of com munication. In America, the telegraph was only able to gain popularity because of the demand placed on it by business firms. It wasnââ¬â¢t until the invention of the telephone that the public began to truly utilize such a communicating device.As we know, the electric telegraph was one of the first telecommunications technologies of the industrial age. Its immediate predecessors were homing pigeons, visual networks, the Pony Express, and railroads. By transmitting information quickly over long distances, the telegraph facilitated the growth in the railroads, consolidated financial and commodity markets, and reduced information costs within and between firms. This entry focuses on the industrial organization of the telegraph industry from its inception through its demise and the industry's impact on the American economy.The telegraph was similar to many other inventions of the nineteenth century. It replaced an existing technology, dramatically reduced costs, was monopolized by a s ingle firm, and ultimately was displaced by a newer technology. It is nearly impossible to determine the full extent to which the telegraph changed the way people lived. It was not so much because ordinary citizens made use of it on a regular basis. In fact, it was a rather expensive means of communication that mostly appealed to big business and government. But telegraph lines followed the westward expansion of the railroad across North America.They made it possible to communicate quickly over vast distances and they linked far-flung settlements with population centers back east. This helped foster a stronger sense of national identity and underscored the need for more standardization and uniformity. The invention of the telegraph could in some ways be seen as the real beginning of our modern age, given the way in which it so interconnected the entire world. Almost coincidental with its birthà there was the emergence of a new kind of journalism that made currency its stock in tra de.Reporting events that had only just occurred took precedence over a newspaper's traditional editorial role, and news was reported almost as soon as it happened. Corporations also could become larger and more far-flung, and nations became necessarily more interdependent. With the telegraph, information in all its aspects and forms which began to assume the critical role it plays today. Last but not least, the telegraph proved especially useful to the military. It was first used for these purposes in 1854 by the Allied Army in Bulgaria during the Crimean War.A transcontinental telegraph line had been completed in the United States just as the Civil War began, and the telegraph proved enormously useful to both sides. During the Spanish-American War in 1898, undersea telegraph cables were cut as an act of belligerency for the first time, and in World War I, teleprinters with secret codes were heavily used by all combatants. Telegraph Timeline 1837| Cooke and Wheatstone patent telegra ph in England. | 1838| Morse's Electro-Magnetic Telegraph patent approved. | 1843| First message sent between Washington and Baltimore. | 1846| First commercial telegraph line completed.The Magnetic Telegraph Company's lines ran from New York to Washington. | à | House's Printing Telegraph patent approved. | 1848| Associated Press formed to pool telegraph traffic. | 1849| Bain's Electro-Chemical patent approved. | 1851| Hiram Sibley and associates incorporate New York and Mississippi Valley Printing Telegraph Company. Later became Western Union. | 1851| Telegraph first used to coordinate train departures. | 1857| Treaty of Six Nations is signed, creating a national cartel| 1859| First transatlantic cable is laid from Newfoundland to Valentia, Ireland. Fails after 23 days, having been used to send a total of 4,359 words.Total cost of laying the line was $1. 2 million. | 1861| First Transcontinental telegraph completed. | 1866| First successful transatlantic telegraph laid| | Wester n Union merges with major remaining rivals. | 1867| Stock ticker service inaugurated. | 1870| Western Union introduces the money order service. | 1876| Alexander Graham Bell patents the telephone. | 1908| AT&T gains control of Western Union. Divests itself of Western Union in 1913. | 1924| AT&T offers Teletype system. | 1926| Inauguration of the direct stock ticker circuit from New York to San Francisco. 1930| High-speed tickers can print 500 words per minute. | 1945| Western Union and Postal Telegraph Company merge. | 1962| Western Union offers Telex for international teleprinting. | 1974| Western Union places Westar satellite in operation. | 1988| Western Union Telegraph Company reorganized as Western Union Corporation. The telecommunications assets were divested and Western Union focuses on money transfers and loan services. | REFFERENCES Books Coe, Lewis. The Telegraph: A History of Morse's Invention andà Its Predecessors in the United States. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1993. H olzmann, Gerald J. and Bjorn Pehrson. The Early History ofà Data Networks. Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society Press, 1995. Israel, Paul. From Machine Shop to Industrial Laboratory:à Telegraphy and the Changing Context of American Invention. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992. Brock, Gerald. The Telecommunications Industry. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1981. DuBoff, Richard. ââ¬Å"Business Demand and the Development of the Telegraph in the United States, 1844-1860. â⬠à Business History Reviewà 54 (1980): 461-477. http://www. preservearticles. com/201105056315/role-of-radio-in-education. html analasle1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/01406254038471032838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3335610522990150262.post-73252513877602430012020-01-02T09:10:00.001-08:002020-01-02T09:10:04.248-08:00Important Dancers analasle1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/01406254038471032838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3335610522990150262.post-88940845782444848592019-12-25T05:37:00.001-08:002019-12-25T05:37:03.493-08:00The Cia Planned John F. Kennedy s Assassination - 1101 Words In certain essays, elements such as ethos, logos, and pathos are used to help convey a message to its readers. Authors use ethos to appeal to ethics, and is also a meaning to convince a reader to see the credibility of the persuader. Logos is used to appeal to logic using maps, detailed facts, and charts. Finally Pathos, which is used to show sympathy and empathy a reader feels while reading the essay. In the essay, ââ¬Å"The CIA Planned John F. Kennedyââ¬â¢s Assassination,â⬠author Steven Hager, editor of High Times magazine uses many examples of the three elements to help illustrate the specific details in his article. To begin, Hager used ethos in his essay to help his readers be convinced the reader to see the credibility of the persuader. Hager used lots of ethos elements to help make his source seem reliable. To begin the author gained credibility by explaining many different views on the investigation over both Kennedyââ¬â¢s assassination and Lee Harvey Oswald s de ath. One major point that Hager brought up was that Kennedy did not have much tolerance for the CIA after they blatantly went behind his back and forced troops into Cuba for war. All Kennedy wanted was peace, and he tried very hard to settle generously without war with Cuba. In return Kennedy had some of the CIA directors fired for their actions. Furthermore, Hager also demonstrated ethos when he explained how Jim Garrison, an attorney during the time of the assassination took on the case and stuck to it till he foundShow MoreRelatedThe Assassination Of John F. Kennedy1626 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Assassination of John F. Kennedy John F. Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States, was assassinated on November 22, 1963 at 12:30 p.m Central Standard Time in Dallas, Texas while riding in a motorcade in Dealey Plaza.[1] Kennedy was fatally shot by Lee Harvey Oswald while he was riding with his wife, Jacqueline, Texas Governor John Connally, and Connally s wife, Nellie, in a presidential motorcade. A ten-month investigation by the Warren Commission from November 1963 to September 1964Read MoreWho Killed JFK? 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With all of analasle1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/01406254038471032838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3335610522990150262.post-70332846250129960522019-12-17T01:27:00.001-08:002019-12-17T01:27:03.749-08:00The Life Of Plato s Republic, Glaucon And Adeimantus In Book II of Platoââ¬â¢s Republic, Glaucon and Adeimantus present a challenge to Socratesââ¬â¢ view of justice. Previously, in Book I of the Republic, Socrates presents several counterarguments to Thrasymachusââ¬â¢ belief that it is to your own advantage to practice injustice rather than to follow laws, if you can get away with it (Babcock). Glaucon and Adeimantus sought to present a stronger defense to Thrasymachusââ¬â¢ view. The main viewpoint they try to establish is that it is to our advantage to practice injustice rather than justice and that the good life is the life of injustice (Babcock). Several arguments are used to reinforce the central view through use of the Ring of Gyges story, an account of the origin of justice, a classification ofâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Mixed goods are the second class of goods. They are desirable for their own sake, and the sake of their consequences. Lastly, instrumental goods are goods that are not desirable for their own sake, but only desirable for the consequences they bring. Glaucon believes that justice is an instrumental good, and presents several persuasive arguments on exactly why he believes this. If justice is considered to be an instrumental good, this would mean that justice is only practiced for the consequences it brings. The rewards of this virtue could provide you with enhanced reputation, political or social status, and praises. In that sense, justice is rendered meaningless if not recognized by others. If no one knows youââ¬â¢re being just, no beneficial consequences can come from it through other people. Therefore Glaucon thinks that you might as well practice injustice while still maintaining a false reputation for justice (Babcock). By simply maintaining the false persona of a just person, you could reap the rewards of the virtue without having to practice it. Meanwhile, you could practice injustice, which is much more beneficial than solely being just and reap the rewards of both . In addition to this, Adeimantus further supports Glauconââ¬â¢s arguments by pointing out that justice is only ever praised by people for the good consequences it brings us, while injustice is only ever censored by people due to the bad analasle1980http://www.blogger.com/profile/01406254038471032838noreply@blogger.com0